各國研究與開發經費列表
外觀
以下為各國用於研究與開發(R & D)以美元計價費用的列表。研究開發開銷低於一億美元的國家未記在內;2010年全球用於研究開發的總費用大約為一萬億美元。 [1]
排名 | 國家或地區 | 研究與開發開銷(單位:十億美元,購買力平價) | 占GDP百分比 | 人均研究與開發開銷(單位:美元,購買力平價) | 年份 | 資料來源 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | ![]() |
511.1 | 2.744% | 1,586.35 | 2016 | [2] |
2 | ![]() |
553.4 | 2.19% | 395.28 | 2018 | [3] |
- | ![]() |
334.3 | 1.94% | 657.48 | 2014 | [2] |
3 | ![]() |
170.8 | 3.583% | 1,344.31 | 2014 | [2] |
4 | ![]() |
106.5 | 2.842% | 1,313.46 | 2014 | [2] |
5 | ![]() |
91.6 | 4.292% | 1,518.47 | 2014 | [2] |
6 | ![]() |
66.5 | 0.85% | 39.37 | 2015 | [4] |
7 | ![]() |
58.4 | 2.256% | 914.54 | 2014 | [2] |
8 | ![]() |
43.7 | 1.701% | 677.44 | 2014 | [2] |
9 | ![]() |
42.6 | 1.187% | 290.21 | 2014 | [2] |
10 | ![]() |
25.7 | 1.612% | 724.87 | 2014 | [2] |
11 | ![]() |
35.4 | 1.15% | 177.89 | 2012 | [5] |
12 | ![]() |
27.4 | 1.287% | 452.14 | 2014 | [2] |
13 | ![]() |
32.4 | 3.006% | 1,383.84 | 2014 | [2] |
14 | ![]() |
19.2 | 1.222% | 413.46 | 2014 | [2] |
15 | ![]() |
23.3 | 2.12% | 986.86 | 2014 | [6] |
16 | ![]() |
14.2 | 3.161% | 1,460.98 | 2014 | [2] |
17 | ![]() |
16 | 1.973% | 946.25 | 2014 | [2] |
18 | ![]() |
11.2 | 4.109% | 1,361.56 | 2014 | [2] |
19 | ![]() |
10.9 | 3% | 1,416.14 | 2015 | [2] |
20 | ![]() |
13.1 | 2.967% | 1,647.90 | 2012 | [2] |
21 | ![]() |
15.3 | 1.007% | 198.36 | 2014 | [2] |
22 | ![]() |
11.9 | 2.465% | 1,063.38 | 2014 | [2] |
23 | ![]() |
9.0 | 0.941% | 237.57 | 2014 | [2] |
24 | ![]() |
11.6 | 0.541% | 97.11 | 2014 | [2] |
25 | ![]() |
7.0 | 3.174% | 1,290.58 | 2014 | [2] |
26 | ![]() |
8.7 | 2% | 1,608.86 | 2013 | [2] |
27 | ![]() |
7.6 | 3.051% | 1,361.51 | 2014 | [2] |
28 | ![]() |
5.9 | 1.705% | 1,145.18 | 2014 | [2] |
29 | ![]() |
6.3 | 1.997% | 600.04 | 2014 | [2] |
30 | ![]() |
4.8 | 0.732% | 92.25 | 2012 | [2] |
31 | ![]() |
3.6 | 1.285% | 347.84 | 2014 | [2] |
32 | ![]() |
3 | 0.76% | 73.7 | 2013 | [5] |
33 | ![]() |
2.4 | 0.29% | 13.29 | 2013 | [5] |
34 | ![]() |
5.4 | 0.585% | 129.09 | 2013 | [2] |
35 | ![]() |
3.6 | 1.519% | 779 | 2014 | [2] |
36 | ![]() |
7.6 | 1.13% | 256.92 | 2012 | [5] |
37 | ![]() |
1.8 | 0.25% | 60.01 | 2012 | [7][8] |
38 | ![]() |
2.4 | 0.835% | 216.72 | 2014 | [2] |
39 | ![]() |
3.4 | 1.371% | 343.01 | 2014 | [2] |
40 | ![]() |
3.6 | 0.39% | 52.67 | 2011 | [5] |
41 | ![]() |
1.8 | 1.172% | 400.99 | 2013 | [2] |
42 | ![]() |
1.5 | 0.383% | 75.62 | 2014 | [2] |
43 | ![]() |
1.56 | 0.379% | 87.39 | 2014 | [2] |
44 | ![]() |
1.12 | 0.67% | 118.44 | 2013 | [5] |
45 | ![]() |
6.2 | 0.68% | 73.18 | 2013 | [5] |
46 | ![]() |
1.5 | 2.386% | 712.63 | 2014 | [2] |
47 | ![]() |
1.5 | 0.73% | 47.59 | 2010 | [5] |
48 | ![]() |
2.0 | 0.08% | 8.09 | 2013 | [5] |
49 | ![]() |
0.7 | 0.81% | 166.75 | 2013 | [9] |
50 | ![]() |
0.7 | 0.12% | 9.08 | 2014 | [10] |
51 | ![]() |
0.67 | 1.256% | 1,226.35 | 2014 | [2] |
52 | ![]() |
0.78 | 0.68% | 72.83 | 2012 | [5] |
53 | ![]() |
1.5 | 0.23% | 31 | 2014 | [5] |
54 | ![]() |
0.87 | 0.21% | 9.91 | 2011 | [11] |
55 | ![]() |
1.4 | 0.886% | 250.55 | 2014 | [2] |
56 | ![]() |
0.76 | 0.95% | 245.36 | 2013 | [9] |
57 | ![]() |
0.81 | 0.65% | 112.15 | 2013 | [9] |
58 | ![]() |
0.67 | 0.17% | 39.24 | 2013 | [5] |
59 | ![]() |
0.53 | 1.432% | 399.24 | 2014 | [2] |
60 | ![]() |
0.27 | 1.891% | 832.59 | 2014 | [2] |
61 | ![]() |
0.48 | 0.11% | 5.4 | 2007 | [5] |
62 | ![]() |
0.15 | 0.23% | 43.40 | 2012 | [5] |
63 | ![]() |
0.7 | 0.73% | 97.86 | 2013 | [9] |
64 | ![]() |
0.24 | 0.1% | 7.88 | 2007 | [12] |
65 | ![]() |
0.28 | 0.6% | 136.8 | 2013 | [9] |
66 | ![]() |
0.18 | 0.23% | 4.74 | 2007 | [12] |
67 | ![]() |
0.16 | 0.07% | 4.13 | 2007 | [12] |
68 | ![]() |
0.28 | 0.47% | 61.55 | 2011 | [5] |
69 | ![]() |
0.28 | 0.48% | 8.27 | 2010 | [5] |
70 | ![]() |
0.33 | 0.21% | 35.98 | 2013 | [5] |
71 | ![]() |
0.07 | 0.25% | 37.01 | 2012 | [5] |
72 | ![]() |
0.79 | 0.61% | 9.08 | 2013 | [5] |
73 | ![]() |
0.13 | 0.48% | 150.82 | 2013 | [9] |
74 | ![]() |
0.11 | 0.85% | 270.78 | 2013 | [9] |
75 | ![]() |
0.03 | 0.38% | 55.75 | 2013 | [9] |
76 | ![]() |
2.5 | 0.49% | 288.69 | 2011 | [5] |
77 | ![]() |
1.3 | 0.47% | 698.50 | 2012 | [5] |
78 | ![]() |
0.05 | 0.16% | 14.73 | 2014 | [5] |
79 | ![]() |
0.12 | 0.44% | 55.99 | 2013 | [5] |
80 | ![]() |
0.06 | 0.35% | 16.44 | 2013 | [5] |
81 | ![]() |
0.12 | 0.33% | 31.73 | 2013 | [5] |
82 | ![]() |
0.83 | 0.30% | 214.16 | 2013 | [5] |
83 | ![]() |
0.07 | 0.23% | 25.40 | 2013 | [5] |
84 | ![]() |
0.26 | 0.17% | 73.66 | 2013 | [5] |
85 | ![]() |
0.02 | 0.04% | 18.83 | 2013 | [5] |
86 | ![]() |
0.04 | 0.05% | 70.32 | 2013 | [5] |
87 | ![]() |
2.7 | 0.73% | 373.09 | 2012 | [5] |
參考資料
[編輯]- ^ 存档副本 (PDF). [2016-12-18]. (原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2011-06-22).
- ^ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 2.17 2.18 2.19 2.20 2.21 2.22 2.23 2.24 2.25 2.26 2.27 2.28 2.29 2.30 2.31 2.32 2.33 2.34 2.35 2.36 2.37 2.38 2.39 Research and development (R&D) - Gross domestic spending on R&D - OECD Data. data.oecd.org. [2016-02-10]. (原始內容存檔於2016-12-09).
- ^ 存档副本. [2019-01-05]. (原始內容存檔於2019-01-23).
- ^ 2016 GLOBAL R&D FUNDING FORECAST (PDF). [2016-12-18]. (原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2017-01-30).
- ^ 5.00 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.06 5.07 5.08 5.09 5.10 5.11 5.12 5.13 5.14 5.15 5.16 5.17 5.18 5.19 5.20 5.21 5.22 5.23 5.24 5.25 5.26 5.27 5.28 5.29 5.30 Research and development expenditure (% of GDP). World Bank. [2016-02-09]. (原始內容存檔於2017-04-06).
- ^ Australian Bureau of Statistics - GROSS EXPENDITURE ON R&D (GERD). www.abs.gov.au. [2016-02-10]. (原始內容存檔於2015-10-28).
- ^ 2012 Global R & D Funding Forecast: R & D Spending Growth Continues While Globalization Accelerates. [2016-12-18]. (原始內容存檔於2016-03-03).
- ^ 存档副本 (PDF). [2016-12-18]. (原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2019-10-04).
- ^ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7 Eurostat - Gross domestic expenditure on R&D. [2016-12-18]. (原始內容存檔於2018-07-20).
- ^ 存档副本. [2016-12-18]. (原始內容存檔於2016-03-04).
- ^ vietnamnet.vn. How much does Vietnam spend on R&D? - News VietNamNet. english.vietnamnet.vn. [2016-02-10]. (原始內容存檔於2017-04-22).
- ^ 12.0 12.1 12.2 存档副本 (PDF). [2016-12-18]. (原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2018-09-26).