各国自然灾害风险指数列表
本列表列出了世界上大部分国家的自然灾害风险指数。该指数是由联合国大学环境与人类安全研究所和德国发展援助联盟基于28项指标和研究数据计算得出的，用以衡量各国遭受自然灾害（如地震、暴雨、洪水、干旱等）的风险[1][2]。该指数的计算还参考了各国应对自然灾害的响应程度及灾后恢复程度[3]。圣多美和普林西比和萨摩亚曾被纳入在2011年至2013年的报告中，但在2016年遭到移除[4]。
联合国大学环境与人类安全研究所和德国发展援助联盟在2012年发布的《世界风险报告》中认为，中美洲、大洋洲、撒哈拉沙漠南部和东南亚这四个地区是自然灾害风险最大的地区[5]。
各国自然灾害风险指数列表
[编辑]在下表中，█代表指数范围在0.10－3.61之间，代表灾害几率极小；█代表指数范围在3.62－5.68之间，代表灾害几率较低；█代表指数范围在5.69－7.43之间，代表灾害几率一般；█代表指数范围在7.44－10.37之间，代表灾害几率较高；█代表指数范围在10.38－36.43，代表灾害几率极高。
| 排名 | 国家 | 2016[4][6] | 2013[7] | 2012[8] | 2011[9] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  卡塔尔
|
0.08% | 0.11% | 0.10% | 0.02% |
| 2 |  马耳他
|
0.60% | 0.61% | 0.61% | 0.72% |
| 3 |  沙特阿拉伯
|
1.14% | 1.32% | 1.31% | 1.26% |
| 4 |  巴巴多斯
|
1.32% | 1.16% | 1.15% | 2.44% |
| 5 |  格林纳达
|
1.42% | 1.44% | 1.46% | 2.29% |
| 6 |  冰岛
|
1.52% | 1.55% | 1.53% | 1.56% |
| 7 |  巴林
|
1.69% | 1.81% | 1.81% | 1.66% |
| 8 |  基里巴斯
|
1.78% | 1.78% | 1.78% | 1.88% |
| 9 |  阿联酋
|
1.97% | 2.10% | 2.07% | 4.09% |
| 10 |  瑞典
|
2.12% | 2.26% | 2.15% | 2.00% |
| 11 |  挪威
|
2.19% | 2.35% | 2.31% | 2.28% |
| 12 |  芬兰
|
2.21% | 2.28% | 2.24% | 2.06% |
| 13 |  新加坡
|
2.27% | 2.49% | 2.54% | 2.85% |
| 14 |  埃及
|
2.29% | 2.34% | 2.33% | 2.38% |
| 15 |  以色列/ 巴勒斯坦
|
2.30% | 2.49% | 2.43% | 2.60% |
| 16 |  爱沙尼亚
|
2.36% | 2.52% | 2.50% | 2.25% |
| 17 |  瑞士
|
2.37% | 2.61% | 2.59% | 2.55% |
| 18 |  卢森堡
|
2.43% | 2.68% | 2.65% | 2.70% |
| 19 |  塞舌尔
|
2.55% | 2.58% | 2.60% | 2.68% |
| 20 |  法国
|
2.62% | 2.79% | 2.78% | 2.76% |
| 21 |  阿曼
|
2.64% | 2.74% | 2.72% | 2.80% |
| 22 |  塞浦路斯
|
2.68% | 2.77% | 2.81% | 3.46% |
| 23 |  丹麦
|
2.89% | 3.10% | 3.09% | 2.86% |
| 24 |  立陶宛
|
2.92% | 3.18% | 3.23% | 2.89% |
| 25 |  德国
|
2.95% | 3.24% | 3.27% | 2.96% |
| 26 |  乌克兰
|
2.97% | 3.14% | 3.19% | 3.02% |
| 27 |  加拿大
|
3.01% | 3.18% | 3.18% | 2.57% |
| 28 |  西班牙
|
3.05% | 3.38% | 3.40% | 3.29% |
| 29 |  比利时
|
3.07% | 3.42% | 3.48% | 3.51% |
| 30 |  蒙古国
|
3.08% | 3.10% | 3.24% | 3.43% |
| 31 |  白俄罗斯
|
3.11% | 3.31% | 3.32% | 2.98% |
| 32 |  波兰
|
3.20% | 3.46% | 3.53% | 3.42% |
| 33 |  科威特
|
3.28% | 3.70% | 3.71% | 3.71% |
| 34 |  拉脱维亚
|
3.31% | 3.48% | 3.51% | 3.09% |
| 35 |  捷克
|
3.37% | 3.61% | 3.67% | 4.15% |
| 36 |  斯洛伐克
|
3.39% | 3.63% | 3.69% | 3.38% |
| 37 |  奥地利
|
3.39% | 3.80% | 3.75% | 3.41% |
| 38 |  斯洛文尼亚
|
3.41% | 3.69% | 3.81% | 3.72% |
| 39 |  葡萄牙
|
3.45% | 3.80% | 3.82% | 3.62% |
| 40 |  巴拉圭
|
3.48% | 3.85% | 3.84% | 4.12% |
| 41 |  英国
|
3.54% | 3.71% | 3.65% | 3.61% |
| 42 |  哈萨克斯坦
|
3.56% | 3.84% | 3.87% | 4.04% |
| 43 |  阿根廷
|
3.56% | 3.76% | 3.80% | 3.77% |
| 44 |  俄罗斯
|
3.58% | 3.78% | 3.83% | 3.56% |
| 45 |  美国
|
3.76% | 3.99% | 3.99% | 3.72% |
| 46 |  利比亚
|
3.79% | 3.93% | 3.80% | 3.67% |
| 47 |  克罗地亚
|
3.97% | 4.24% | 4.35% | 3.71% |
| 48 |  乌拉圭
|
4.03% | 4.09% | 4.12% | 3.94% |
| 49 |  巴西
|
4.09% | 4.26% | 4.30% | 4.26% |
| 50 |  巴哈马
|
4.14% | 3.99% | 4.17% | 4.52% |
| 51 |  澳大利亚
|
4.22% | 4.51% | 4.57% | 4.28% |
| 52 |  保加利亚
|
4.22% | 4.43% | 4.56% | 4.08% |
| 53 |  意大利
|
4.42% | 4.88% | 4.82% | 4.74% |
| 54 |  赤道几内亚
|
4.46% | 4.49% | 4.47% | 6.72% |
| 55 |  伊拉克
|
4.49% | 4.83% | 4.95% | 5.77% |
| 56 |  新西兰
|
4.55% | 4.69% | 4.44% | 4.28% |
| 57 |  约旦
|
4.58% | 4.88% | 4.90% | 5.13% |
| 58 |  玻利维亚
|
4.58% | 5.08% | 5.13% | 5.16% |
| 59 |  韩国
|
4.59% | 4.94% | 4.89% | 4.14% |
| 60 |  爱尔兰
|
4.60% | 4.69% | 4.50% | 4.15% |
| 61 |  伊朗
|
4.73% | 4.92% | 4.98% | 5.11% |
| 62 |  摩尔多瓦
|
4.79% | 5.05% | 5.23% | 4.78% |
| 63 |  黎巴嫩
|
5.01% | 5.05% | 5.10% | 5.01% |
| 64 |  尼泊尔
|
5.12% | 5.53% | 5.69% | 6.15% |
| 65 |  博茨瓦纳
|
5.14% | 5.37% | 5.21% | 5.56% |
| 66 |  土耳其
|
5.20% | 5.52% | 5.68% | 5.38% |
| 67 |  匈牙利
|
5.32% | 5.69% | 5.87% | 5.49% |
| 68 |  纳米比亚
|
5.37% | 5.68% | 5.72% | 6.63% |
| 69 |  突尼斯
|
5.40% | 5.90% | 5.90% | 5.72% |
| 70 |  阿塞拜疆
|
5.54% | 6.19% | 6.25% | 5.86% |
| 71 |  南非
|
5.58% | 5.80% | 5.90% | 5.71% |
| 72 |  老挝
|
5.59% | 5.71% | 5.73% | 5.80% |
| 73 |  叙利亚
|
5.69% | 5.67% | 5.68% | 6.19% |
| 74 |  北马其顿
|
5.87% | 6.28% | 6.10% | 6.80% |
| 75 |  罗马尼亚
|
5.92% | 6.61% | 6.78% | 6.43% |
| 76 |  委内瑞拉
|
5.93% | 6.16% | 6.13% | 6.11% |
| 77 |  墨西哥
|
5.97% | 6.39% | 6.39% | 6.53% |
| 78 |  也门
|
5.97% | 6.03% | 5.98% | 6.83% |
| 79 |  加蓬
|
6.04% | 5.93% | 6.20% | 6.30% |
| 80 |  亚美尼亚
|
6.07% | 6.91% | 7.05% | 6.36% |
| 81 |  波黑
|
6.10% | 6.42% | 6.63% | 6.25% |
| 82 |  古巴
|
6.13% | 6.51% | 6.55% | 5.99% |
| 83 |  泰国
|
6.19% | 6.34% | 6.44% | 6.86% |
| 84 |  格鲁吉亚
|
6.27% | 6.83% | 6.75% | 6.97% |
| 85 |  厄立特里亚
|
6.35% | 6.35% | 6.44% | 7.22% |
| 86 |  马来西亚
|
6.39% | 6.45% | 6.53% | 6.69% |
| 87 |  中国
|
6.39% | 6.97% | 7.04% | 6.90% |
| 88 |  土库曼斯坦
|
6.44% | 6.57% | 6.64% | 7.18% |
| 89 |  哥伦比亚
|
6.45% | 6.90% | 6.89% | 6.86% |
| 90 |  摩洛哥
|
6.45% | 7.13% | 7.21% | 7.17% |
| 91 |  安哥拉
|
6.52% | 6.45% | 6.56% | 8.02% |
| 92 |  乌干达
|
6.52% | 6.69% | 6.75% | 7.57% |
| 93 |  伯利兹
|
6.55% | 6.62% | 6.63% | 5.93% |
| 94 |  秘鲁
|
6.59% | 7.02% | 6.96% | 7.82% |
| 95 |  印度
|
6.64% | 7.17% | 7.28% | 7.68% |
| 96 |  希腊
|
6.70% | 7.38% | 7.81% | 8.27% |
| 97 |  塔吉克斯坦
|
6.72% | 7.35% | 7.40% | 7.47% |
| 98 |  肯尼亚
|
6.77% | 7.08% | 7.18% | 7.24% |
| 99 |  莱索托
|
6.84% | 7.09% | 7.22% | 7.86% |
| 100 |  巴基斯坦
|
6.96% | 7.21% | 7.25% | 7.84% |
| 101 |  中非
|
7.03% | 6.57% | 6.55% | 6.95% |
| 102 |  埃塞俄比亚
|
7.04% | 7.36% | 7.35% | 7.09% |
| 103 |  卢旺达
|
7.09% | 7.43% | 7.60% | 8.68% |
| 104 |  塞尔维亚
|
7.12% | 7.53% | 7.67% | 5.44% |
| 105 |  刚果共和国
|
7.19% | 7.57% | 7.38% | 7.71% |
| 106 |  赞比亚
|
7.25% | 7.46% | 7.44% | 8.41% |
| 107 |  巴拿马
|
7.26% | 7.49% | 7.69% | 7.70% |
| 108 |  科摩罗
|
7.29% | 7.52% | 7.45% | 6.93% |
| 109 |  斯里兰卡
|
7.32% | 7.67% | 7.79% | 7.84% |
| 110 |  阿尔及利亚
|
7.36% | 8.13% | 8.15% | 8.06% |
| 111 |  特立尼达和多巴哥
|
7.50% | 7.65% | 7.68% | 6.70% |
| 112 |  不丹
|
7.51% | 7.98% | 8.17% | 13.65% |
| 113 |  斯威士兰
|
7.52% | 7.65% | 7.84% | 7.37% |
| 114 |  厄瓜多尔
|
7.53% | 7.77% | 7.94% | 8.69% |
| 115 |  坦桑尼亚
|
7.65% | 7.99% | 8.11% | 8.64% |
| 116 |  利比里亚
|
7.84% | 7.71% | 7.86% | 9.20% |
| 117 |  吉尔吉斯斯坦
|
7.86% | 8.43% | 8.50% | 8.48% |
| 118 |  毛里塔尼亚
|
7.95% | 8.26% | 8.43% | 9.70% |
| 119 |  马拉维
|
7.98% | 8.02% | 8.18% | 8.99% |
| 120 |  尼日利亚
|
7.98% | 8.32% | 8.28% | 9.03% |
| 121 |  苏丹
|
7.99% | 7.87% | 7.88% | 9.25% |
| 122 |  几内亚
|
8.20% | 8.32% | 8.55% | 9.49% |
| 123 |  荷兰
|
8.24% | 8.76% | 8.49% | 7.71% |
| 124 |  马里
|
8.39% | 8.65% | 8.76% | 11.51% |
| 125 |  加纳
|
8.39% | 8.81% | 8.85% | 9.35% |
| 126 |  苏里南
|
8.44% | 8.55% | 8.62% | 9.25% |
| 127 |  乌兹别克斯坦
|
8.59% | 8.66% | 8.71% | 9.37% |
| 128 |  莫桑比克
|
8.69% | 8.89% | 9.09% | 9.98% |
| 129 |  科特迪瓦
|
8.88% | 8.86% | 9.00% | 9.03% |
| 130 |  缅甸
|
8.90% | 9.10% | 9.15% | 8.54% |
| 131 |  阿富汗
|
9.50% | 9.93% | 9.79% | 14.06% |
| 132 |  阿尔巴尼亚
|
9.50% | 10.01% | 9.96% | 9.98% |
| 133 |  布基纳法索
|
9.54% | 9.72% | 9.74% | 11.58% |
| 134 |  津巴布韦
|
10.06% | 9.96% | 9.87% | 9.63% |
| 135 |  塞拉利昂
|
10.21% | 10.37% | 10.58% | 11.25% |
| 136 |  印度尼西亚
|
10.24% | 10.54% | 10.74% | 11.69% |
| 137 |  布隆迪
|
10.28% | 10.46% | 10.49% | 11.56% |
| 138 |  吉布提
|
10.30% | 9.84% | 9.96% | 7.05% |
| 139 |  多哥
|
10.36% | 10.34% | 10.64% | 10.40% |
| 140 |  塞内加尔
|
10.38% | 10.99% | 11.08% | 11.76% |
| 141 |  佛得角
|
10.39% | 10.80% | 10.88% | 9.47% |
| 142 |  洪都拉斯
|
10.68% | 10.91% | 11.02% | 12.10% |
| 143 |  乍得
|
10.85% | 11.06% | 11.13% | 12.25% |
| 144 |  喀麦隆
|
10.91% | 11.09% | 10.96% | 14.46% |
| 145 |  多米尼加
|
10.96% | 11.28% | 11.63% | 12.00% |
| 146 |  马达加斯加
|
11.15% | 11.23% | 11.50% | 10.27% |
| 147 |  尼日尔
|
11.24% | 11.62% | 11.93% | 14.03% |
| 148 |  圭亚那
|
11.39% | 11.65% | 11.77% | 9.02% |
| 149 |  贝宁
|
11.39% | 11.32% | 11.42% | 10.90% |
| 150 |  智利
|
11.65% | 12.28% | 12.26% | 11.97% |
| 151 |  海地
|
11.68% | 11.88% | 11.96% | 11.45% |
| 152 |  牙买加
|
11.83% | 12.15% | 12.15% | 12.89% |
| 153 |  冈比亚
|
12.07% | 11.71% | 11.84% | 13.90% |
| 154 |  越南
|
12.53% | 12.81% | 12.88% | 11.21% |
| 155 |  日本
|
12.99% | 13.56% | 13.69% | 13.57% |
| 156 |  斐济
|
13.15% | 14.10% | 13.53% | 11.13% |
| 157 |  几内亚比绍
|
13.56% | 13.09% | 13.34% | 13.12% |
| 158 |  尼加拉瓜
|
14.62% | 15.18% | 15.39% | 11.91% |
| 159 |  毛里求斯
|
15.53% | 14.89% | 15.36% | 15.74% |
| 160 |  东帝汶
|
15.69% | 16.37% | 17.13% | 17.45% |
| 161 |  萨尔瓦多
|
16.05% | 16.85% | 16.89% | 16.49% |
| 162 |  巴布亚新几内亚
|
16.43% | 15.90% | 15.81% | 15.45% |
| 163 |  柬埔寨
|
16.58% | 16.90% | 17.17% | 16.58% |
| 164 |  哥斯达黎加
|
17.00% | 16.94% | 17.38% | 16.74% |
| 165 |  文莱
|
17.00% | 15.58% | 15.92% | 14.08% |
| 166 |  所罗门群岛
|
19.14% | 18.11% | 18.15% | 23.51% |
| 167 |  孟加拉国
|
19.17% | 19.81% | 20.22% | 17.45% |
| 168 |  危地马拉
|
19.88% | 20.88% | 20.75% | 20.88% |
| 169 |  菲律宾
|
26.70% | 27.52% | 27.98% | 24.32% |
| 170 |  汤加
|
29.33% | 28.23% | 28.62% | 29.08% |
| 171 |  瓦努阿图
|
36.28% | 36.43% | 36.31% | 32.00% |
| 172 |  圣多美和普林西比
|
— | 3.35% | 3.40% | 3.73% |
| 173 |  萨摩亚
|
— | 4.51% | 4.51% | 7.88% |
参考来源
[编辑]- ^ 2013 World Risk Report (PDF). [2016-08-05]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2016-03-19）.
- ^ 环境恶化增加全球自然灾害风险. 凤凰网资讯. 2012-10-12 [2018-08-23]. （原始内容存档于2018-08-23） （中文（简体））.
- ^ 全球自然灾害风险排行出炉：中国还算比较安全的地方. 网易新闻. 2016-05-04 [2018-08-23]. （原始内容存档于2018-08-23） （中文（简体））.
- ^ 4.0 4.1 2016 World Risk Index. unu.edu. [25 December 2016]. （原始内容存档于2017-09-10）.
- ^ 《世界风险报告》：生态系统能够降低自然灾害风险. 凤凰网资讯. 2012-10-25 [2018-08-23]. （原始内容存档于2018-08-23） （中文（简体））.
- ^ 2016 World Risk Index (PDF). （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2018-01-27）.
- ^ 2013 World Risk Index (PDF). [2016-08-05]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2014-08-16）.
- ^ 2012 World Risk Index (PDF). [2018-08-19]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2016-09-16）.
- ^ 2011 World Risk Index (PDF). [2018-08-19]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2016-09-17）.