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AIM-174B

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AIM-174B空對空導彈
配備 AIM-174 導彈的 VX-9 F/A-18F(2024年9月24日)
類型反艦飛彈
反彈道飛彈
遠程空對空飛彈
原產地美國
服役記錄
服役期間2021(?)–至今[1]
使用方美國海軍
生產歷史
生產商雷神公司
單位成本350萬-400萬美元[2]
生產日期2021至今
製造數量未知
基本規格
重量1,900磅(860公斤)
長度21.5英尺(6.6米)
直徑最大21英寸(0.53米)
彈頭140磅(64公斤)爆炸殺傷彈頭[3]
引爆機制雷達和接觸引信

發動機兩級固態火箭發動機
翼展61.8英寸(1.57米)
作戰範圍至少130海里(150英里;240公里)[4][5]
射高>110,000英尺(34,000米)
速度Mach 3.5—Mach 8(2,664.2—6,089.7 mph;4,287.7—9,800.4 km/h;1.2—2.7 km/s)[biock1速度據稱高達八馬赫]
制導系統慣性導航系統, 主動雷達導引 and 半主動雷達制導
發射平台F/A-18E/F超級大黃蜂式打擊戰鬥機搭載AIM174B英語AIM-174B[6]

AIM-174B是由美國國防承包商雷神公司為美國海軍(USN) 研發的一種遠程空對空導彈(AAM)。 AIM-174B是RIM-174B 標準增程主動導彈(ERAM、標準導彈-6 或 SM-6)地對空導彈的衍生型,屬於標準導彈擴展系列,美國海軍將 AIM-174B 描述為 SM-6 的「空射版」 [7] 。 AIM-174B的存在於2024年7月在2024 年環太平洋軍演上首次對外公布。截至2024年7月,僅有波音 F/A-18E/F 超級大黃蜂戰機能夠攜帶和發射AIM-174B。 [8]

自2004年AIM-54「不死鳥」空空導彈退役以來,美國海軍一直沒有新的遠程空空導彈服役。[9]AIM-174的存在至少從2021年就開始被猜測,「超級大黃蜂 」戰鬥機攜帶SM-6導彈的照片也在網上流傳。[10]《海軍新聞》報道稱,他們從2015年開始關注 「空射SM-6」的發展。[11]而另一媒體《航空家》則報道稱,「超級大黃蜂 」戰鬥機攜帶 「SM-6變體」的照片出現在2018年。[12]

關於該導彈人們知之甚少,據推測它是作為一個特殊接入計劃而開發的, [13]類似於AIM-260 聯合先進戰術導彈[14] (公眾對其也是知之甚少)。 [15]AIM-260同樣是一種超遠程空對空導彈,目前尚不清楚 AIM-174B和AIM-260之間的關係,因為美國海軍已與美國空軍(USAF) 合作開發後者供兩個軍種使用。這兩種導彈都是為了對抗美國同等或接近同等實力的潛在對手(比如俄羅斯的R-37導彈和中國的PL-21)而正在部署或研發的超遠程空對空導彈。[16]

設計

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照片顯示 AIM-174B 重約861 公斤,大約是AIM-120重量的五倍。 這些照片還顯示,AIM-174 在外觀上與 RIM-174 幾乎完全相同,只是 AIM-174 明顯缺少 MK72 固體燃料火箭助推器。 [17]該導彈可能會使用固體燃料火箭發動機,就像 RIM-174 那樣。 [18]

2024 年 9 月,有照片顯示美國海軍VX-9超級大黃蜂戰鬥機同時攜帶四枚 AIM-174B 導彈、三枚 AIM-120 AMRAAM 導彈、兩枚AIM-9X 導彈和一個ATFLIR 瞄準吊艙。 [19]

範圍和用途

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雖然有關 AIM-174 射程的詳細信息尚未得到證實,但某些地面發射的 SM-6 型號能夠射程250 nmi(290 mi;460 km)發射;由於可以在較高速度和高度發射(空氣阻力較小),[20] AIM-174的射程可能達到數百英里,[21] [22]儘管美國海軍只確認了240公里(150英里)。 [23]

雖然 AIM-174 沒有 SM-6 的 MK72火箭助推器,但在高海拔稀薄空氣中(相對於地面發射),如果保持發射飛機的速度(至少數百英里每小時),空射 AIM-174 相對於其他空射導彈可以達到極遠的射程(300-400 多公里)。 [24] AIM-174 還可能具備「高拋」能力,即發射的導彈立即上升,高度一般在 80,000 英尺之間。 平方英尺(24,000 米)至 100,000 平方英尺(30,000 米) 。 AIM-174 的前身[25] AIM-54 不死鳥超視距空空導彈 (BVRAAM) 能夠採用這種發射輪廓(以及某些AIM-7 麻雀型號和所有 AIM-120 AMRAAM 型號)。 [需要引證] AIM-174 相對於地面發射的 SM-6 具有優勢,並且具有高拋發射的可能性,AIM-174 的射程可能擴大到數百海里[26]美國海軍出於戰略安全目的,經常在公布武器系統射程和能力時將其低估。[27]AIM-174 的射程至少比退役的 AIM-54C的184 km增加了約 30%,比現役的 AIM-120D 的(161 km)[28]增加了約 50%。

現存的 R-37M 和新生的 PL-21 等超遠程空空導彈通常用於攻擊大型空中目標;目前它們在攻擊較小目標(如空優戰鬥機或無人機)方面的效力尚不清楚。 [需要引用] AIM-174 可能會受到類似的操作和實際限制,並且可能會保留用於對付高價值空中目標。 [29]因此,有人推測 AIM-174 可用於進攻,打擊遠離「前線」後方的加油機空中預警機電子戰飛機,或用於防禦,打擊威脅美國海軍艦隊的大型轟炸機(如中國的轟-6 )。 [30]

由於 RIM-174/SM-6 具備反艦對地攻擊能力,因此 AIM-174 也有可能發揮此類作用。 [31] AIM-174 導彈源自 SM-6 系列導彈,該系列導彈的變體能夠防禦反艦導彈和反彈道導彈,AIM-174 很可能保留此類反導能力。 [32]

參見

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參考

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  1. ^ Johnston, Carter. Air-launched SM-6 Spotted Again on F/A-18 Super Hornet. Naval News. 2024-06-04 [2024-07-07]. 
  2. ^ "Pit LRASM Against Tomahawk For Anti-Ship Missile: VADM Aucoin"頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館) – Breakingdefense.com, 5 August 2015
  3. ^ Fixing the US Navy's Anti-Surface Warfare Shortfall頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館) - Thediplomat.com, 10 March 2016
  4. ^ West, Lisa. U.S. Navy Reveals Longest-Range Air-to-Air Missile at RIMPAC. UK Defence Journal. 2024-07-06 [2024-07-07]. 
  5. ^ Doyle, Gerry. US Navy's newest air-to-air missile could tilt balance in South China Sea. Reuters. 2024-08-15 [2024-08-17]. a weapon such as the AIM-174B, which can attack aerial targets as far away as 400 km (250 miles) 
  6. ^ 29國環太平洋軍演…美「空射標六飛彈」首度曝光 射程逾400公里. 聯合新聞網. [2024-07-04]. (原始內容存檔於2024-07-04). 
  7. ^ Johnston, Carter. 美国海军确认空射版SM-6导弹已投入使用. Naval News. 2024-07-05 [2024-07-07]. SM-6 空射構型(ALC)是作為 SM-6 系列導彈的一部分開發的,目前在海軍中實際部署。 
  8. ^ Cenciotti, David. 首张美国海军超级大黄蜂携带两枚空射 SM-6 导弹的图片曝光. The Aviationist. 2024-07-03 [2024-07-07]. 
  9. ^ Cenciotti, David. 美国海军超级大黄蜂携带两枚空射 SM-6 导弹的首张图片曝光. The Aviationist. 2024-07-03 [2024-07-07]. 從本質上講,這種新型導彈填補了 AIM-54 「鳳凰 」退役後留下的空白。AIM-54 是美國海軍 F-14 雄貓戰鬥機使用的遠程空對空導彈,2004 年與 F-14 一起退役。AIM-54 以其超過 100 海里的驚人射程和多目標交戰能力而著稱,在遠程交戰能力方面留下了巨大的空白。 
  10. ^ Johnston, Carter. 在 F/A-18 超级大黄蜂上再次发现空射 SM-6. Naval News. 2024-06-04 [2024-07-07]. 
  11. ^ Johnston, Carter. U.S. Navy Confirms SM-6 Air Launched Configuration is Operationally Deployed. Naval News. 2024-07-05 [2024-07-07]. ...Naval News is following a possible lead that points to a potential air-launched SM-6 dating back as far as 2015. 
  12. ^ Cenciotti, David. First Images Emerge Of U.S. Navy Super Hornet Carrying Two Air-Launched SM-6 Missiles. The Aviationist. 2024-07-03 [2024-07-07]. Although the news broke in 2021 only, the first sighting of a Super Hornet carrying an SM-6 variant occurred in 2018 when an F/A-18F from VX-31 was photographed with the same missile under its wing, indicating that the U.S. Navy has been developing an air-launched version of the SM-6/RIM-174 for at least six years. 
  13. ^ Phoenix Successor Redux: The USN's Range Riposte to China's PL-17. [2024-07-31]. (原始內容存檔於2024-07-31). …the AIM-174 was a previously classified Special Access Program. 
  14. ^ New AIM-260 Missiles Are So Secretive They Will Require A Custom Storage Bunker At Hill AFB. July 2019 [2024-07-31]. (原始內容存檔於2024-07-31). …AIM 260A JATM assets cannot be housed in shared facilities with legacy munitions; and must be supported by a facility designed to meet specific operational requirements, and the stricter Special Access Program Facility security requirements. 
  15. ^ Johnston, Carter. U.S. Navy Confirms SM-6 Air Launched Configuration is Operationally Deployed. Naval News. 2024-07-05 [2024-07-07]. The AIM-260 remains secretive about procurement and delivery given its status as a Special Access Program (SAP). It is likely that the effort to integrate SM-6 is also a SAP… 
  16. ^ Johnston, Carter. U.S. Navy Confirms SM-6 Air Launched Configuration is Operationally Deployed. Naval News. 2024-07-05 [2024-07-07]. …the U.S. Navy joins allies and adversaries in fielding an extra long range beyond-visual-range air-to-air missile (BVRAAM). Examples include Europe's Meteor, Russia's R-37M (AA-13 「Axehead」), China's PL-15 (CH-AA-10 「Abaddon」) and PL-21 (CH-AA-X-12). 
  17. ^ Sebastien Roblin. The Navy's Rhinos Grew a Longer Horn: Does a New Missile Affect US-China Military Balance?. Forbes. [2024-10-10]. (原始內容存檔於2024-10-13). The air-launched AIM-174B, however, is shorter because the Mk.72 rocket booster behind the tail fins was removed. 
  18. ^ Sebastien Roblin. The Navy's Rhinos Grew a Longer Horn: Does a New Missile Affect US-China Military Balance?. Forbes. [2024-10-10]. (原始內容存檔於2024-10-13). The weapon is an Air Launched Configuration (ALC) of the ship-launched RIM-174 Standard Missile-6 (SM-6), a big weapon weighing 1.6 tons with two solid fuel rockets... 
  19. ^ Newdick, Thomas. F/A-18 Super Hornet Appears With Unprecedented Heavy Air-To-Air Missile Load. Yahoo. 2024-09-11 [2024-09-16]. (原始內容存檔於2024-09-13). A series of photos have emerged showing a U.S. Navy F/A-18F Super Hornet with a remarkable and hitherto unseen air-to-air load-out, including four of the very long-range AIM-174B air-to-air missiles. The fighter is also loaded with three medium-range AIM-120 AMRAAMs, and a pair of short-range AIM-9X Sidewinders, along with an infrared search and track system (IRST) and an ATFLIR targeting pod. 
  20. ^ Rogoway, Tyler. Disclosure of New AIM-174B Missile Brings Navy's Future Air-to-Air Strategy Into Focus. TWZ. 2024-07-08 [2024-07-07]. …launched from altitude and speed by a fighter, its range would be extended quite dramatically, giving it the ability to hit some aerial targets over multiple hundreds of miles. 
  21. ^ The US Navy's insane new air-to-air missile: The AIM-174. Sandboxx. [2024-12-25] (美國英語). 
  22. ^ Cenciotti, David. First Images Emerge Of U.S. Navy Super Hornet Carrying Two Air-Launched SM-6 Missiles. The Aviationist. 2024-07-03 [2024-07-07]. The SM-6 uses the airframe of the SM-2ER Block IV (RIM-156A) missile, upgraded with an active radar homing seeker derived from the AIM-120 AMRAAM air-to-air missile. This missile can reach speeds of up to Mach 3.5 and has a maximum range of 200 nautical miles. To that respect, it's not clear what the maximum range of the air-launched version could be: despite the lack of a booster, launching it at high speed and altitude would result in significantly greater range compared to the surface-launched variant. 
  23. ^ Johnston, Carter. U.S. Navy Confirms SM-6 Air Launched Configuration is Operationally Deployed. Naval News. 2024-07-05 [2024-07-07]. 
  24. ^ Phoenix successor redux: The USN's range riposte to China's PL-17?. 
  25. ^ Phoenix Successor Redux: The USN's Range Riposte to China's PL-17. [2024-07-31]. (原始內容存檔於2024-07-31). Thirty-two years after the US Navy cancelled its project to replace the Hughes AIM-54 Phoenix long-range air-to-air missile (AAM), the service has introduced into service a likely 300–400+ kilometre-range AAM to fulfil an apparently similar role known as the AIM-174B. 
  26. ^ Rogoway, Tyler. Disclosure of New AIM-174B Missile Brings Navy's Future Air-to-Air Strategy Into Focus. TWZ. 2024-07-08 [2024-07-07]. …launched from altitude and speed by a fighter, its range would be extended quite dramatically, giving it the ability to hit some aerial targets over multiple hundreds of miles. 
  27. ^ Rogoway, Tyler. Disclosure of New AIM-174B Missile Brings Navy's Future Air-to-Air Strategy Into Focus. TWZ. 2024-07-08 [2024-07-07]. Also, published figures are often severely degraded for security purposes, so the actual range of the SM-6 remains unknown, especially across its various use cases. Regardless, launched from altitude and speed by a fighter, its range would be extended quite dramatically, giving it the ability to hit some aerial targets over multiple hundreds of miles. 
  28. ^ New long-range missile project emerges in US budget. November 2, 2017 [November 25, 2017]. (原始內容存檔於November 26, 2017). 
  29. ^ Phoenix Successor Redux: The USNS Range Riposte to China's PL-17. [2024-07-31]. (原始內容存檔於2024-07-31). A possible target set for the now-in-service AIM-174B is what are sometimes referred to as high value airborne assets (HVAA). HVAAs include airborne early warning, electromagnetic combat and intelligence surveillance and reconnaissance aircraft as well as aircraft capable of carrying long-range anti-ship missiles of various descriptions. 
  30. ^ Eaglen, Mackenzie; Spiller, Cole. The Navy's New Air-to-Air Capability Could Set Roadmap for Repurposing Old Systems. Breaking Defense. 2024-07-16 [2024-07-07]. The extensive range and air-launched capability are poised to greatly bolster the US Navy's fleet defense and high value asset attack, weakening the stranglehold of China's anti-carrier strategy… This would hold crucial backline airborne assets line airborne early warning (AEW) and tanker aircraft at risk, and even directly strike China's distant H-6 「carrier killer」 bombers, destroying them before they launch their weapons. 
  31. ^ Rogoway, Tyler. 首架挂载着 AIM - 174 导弹等待起飞的超级大黄蜂战斗机。. TWZ. 2024-07-23 [2024-07-07]. AIM-174 的名稱表明該導彈以空對空為主,但水面發射的 SM-6 具有打擊海上和陸地目標的能力。[原文如此]空射型完全可以保留這些能力。SM-6系列未來的空射變型彈或衍生彈可以進一步優化,用於反艦或空對地打擊。 
  32. ^ 凤凰号的后继者:美国海军 “靶场 ”号对中国 PL-17 的反击. [2024-07-31]. (原始內容存檔於2024-07-31). 新型導彈還可能具備打擊空射彈道導彈的能力。