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AIM-174B

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AIM-174B空对空导弹
配备 AIM-174 导弹的 VX-9 F/A-18F(2024年9月24日)
类型反舰导弹
反弹道导弹
远程空对空导弹
原产地美国
服役记录
服役期间2021(?)–至今[1]
使用方美国海军
生产历史
生产商雷神公司
单位成本350万-400万美元[2]
生产日期2021至今
制造数量未知
基本规格
重量1,900磅(860千克)
长度21.5英尺(6.6米)
直径最大21英寸(0.53米)
弹头140磅(64千克)爆炸杀伤弹头[3]
引爆机制雷达和接触引信

发动机两级固态火箭发动机
翼展61.8英寸(1.57米)
作战范围至少130海里(150英里;240公里)[4][5]
射高>110,000英尺(34,000米)
速度Mach 3.5—Mach 8(2,664.2—6,089.7 mph;4,287.7—9,800.4 km/h;1.2—2.7 km/s)[biock1速度据称高达八马赫]
制导系统惯性导航系统, 主动雷达导引 and 半主动雷达制导
发射平台F/A-18E/F超级大黄蜂式打击战斗机搭载AIM174B英语AIM-174B[6]

AIM-174B是由美国国防承包商雷神公司为美国海军(USN) 研发的一种远程空对空导弹(AAM)。 AIM-174B是RIM-174B 标准增程主动导弹(ERAM、标准导弹-6 或 SM-6)地对空导弹的衍生型,属于标准导弹扩展系列,美国海军将 AIM-174B 描述为 SM-6 的“空射版” [7] 。 AIM-174B的存在于2024年7月在2024 年环太平洋军演上首次对外公布。截至2024年7月,仅有波音 F/A-18E/F 超级大黄蜂战机能够携带和发射AIM-174B。 [8]

自2004年AIM-54“不死鸟”空空导弹退役以来,美国海军一直没有新的远程空空导弹服役。[9]AIM-174的存在至少从2021年就开始被猜测,“超级大黄蜂 ”战斗机携带SM-6导弹的照片也在网上流传。[10]《海军新闻》报道称,他们从2015年开始关注 “空射SM-6”的发展。[11]而另一媒体《航空家》则报道称,“超级大黄蜂 ”战斗机携带 “SM-6变体”的照片出现在2018年。[12]

关于该导弹人们知之甚少,据推测它是作为一个特殊接入计划而开发的, [13]类似于AIM-260 联合先进战术导弹[14] (公众对其也是知之甚少)。 [15]AIM-260同样是一种超远程空对空导弹,目前尚不清楚 AIM-174B和AIM-260之间的关系,因为美国海军已与美国空军(USAF) 合作开发后者供两个军种使用。这两种导弹都是为了对抗美国同等或接近同等实力的潜在对手(比如俄罗斯的R-37导弹和中国的PL-21)而正在部署或研发的超远程空对空导弹。[16]

设计

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照片显示 AIM-174B 重约861 公斤,大约是AIM-120重量的五倍。 这些照片还显示,AIM-174 在外观上与 RIM-174 几乎完全相同,只是 AIM-174 明显缺少 MK72 固体燃料火箭助推器。 [17]该导弹可能会使用固体燃料火箭发动机,就像 RIM-174 那样。 [18]

2024 年 9 月,有照片显示美国海军VX-9超级大黄蜂战斗机同时携带四枚 AIM-174B 导弹、三枚 AIM-120 AMRAAM 导弹、两枚AIM-9X 导弹和一个ATFLIR 瞄准吊舱。 [19]

范围和用途

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虽然有关 AIM-174 射程的详细信息尚未得到证实,但某些地面发射的 SM-6 型号能够射程250 nmi(290 mi;460 km)发射;由于可以在较高速度和高度发射(空气阻力较小),[20] AIM-174的射程可能达到数百英里,[21] [22]尽管美国海军只确认了240公里(150英里)。 [23]

虽然 AIM-174 没有 SM-6 的 MK72火箭助推器,但在高海拔稀薄空气中(相对于地面发射),如果保持发射飞机的速度(至少数百英里每小时),空射 AIM-174 相对于其他空射导弹可以达到极远的射程(300-400 多公里)。 [24] AIM-174 还可能具备“高抛”能力,即发射的导弹立即上升,高度一般在 80,000 英尺之间。 平方英尺(24,000 米)至 100,000 平方英尺(30,000 米) 。 AIM-174 的前身[25] AIM-54 不死鸟超视距空空导弹 (BVRAAM) 能够采用这种发射轮廓(以及某些AIM-7 麻雀型号和所有 AIM-120 AMRAAM 型号)。 [需要引证] AIM-174 相对于地面发射的 SM-6 具有优势,并且具有高抛发射的可能性,AIM-174 的射程可能扩大到数百海里[26]美国海军出于战略安全目的,经常在公布武器系统射程和能力时将其低估。[27]AIM-174 的射程至少比退役的 AIM-54C的184 km增加了约 30%,比现役的 AIM-120D 的(161 km)[28]增加了约 50%。

现存的 R-37M 和新生的 PL-21 等超远程空空导弹通常用于攻击大型空中目标;目前它们在攻击较小目标(如空优战斗机或无人机)方面的效力尚不清楚。 [需要引用] AIM-174 可能会受到类似的操作和实际限制,并且可能会保留用于对付高价值空中目标。 [29]因此,有人推测 AIM-174 可用于进攻,打击远离“前线”后方的加油机空中预警机电子战飞机,或用于防御,打击威胁美国海军舰队的大型轰炸机(如中国的轰-6 )。 [30]

由于 RIM-174/SM-6 具备反舰对地攻击能力,因此 AIM-174 也有可能发挥此类作用。 [31] AIM-174 导弹源自 SM-6 系列导弹,该系列导弹的变体能够防御反舰导弹和反弹道导弹,AIM-174 很可能保留此类反导能力。 [32]

参见

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参考

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  1. ^ Johnston, Carter. Air-launched SM-6 Spotted Again on F/A-18 Super Hornet. Naval News. 2024-06-04 [2024-07-07]. 
  2. ^ "Pit LRASM Against Tomahawk For Anti-Ship Missile: VADM Aucoin"页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) – Breakingdefense.com, 5 August 2015
  3. ^ Fixing the US Navy's Anti-Surface Warfare Shortfall页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) - Thediplomat.com, 10 March 2016
  4. ^ West, Lisa. U.S. Navy Reveals Longest-Range Air-to-Air Missile at RIMPAC. UK Defence Journal. 2024-07-06 [2024-07-07]. 
  5. ^ Doyle, Gerry. US Navy's newest air-to-air missile could tilt balance in South China Sea. Reuters. 2024-08-15 [2024-08-17]. a weapon such as the AIM-174B, which can attack aerial targets as far away as 400 km (250 miles) 
  6. ^ 29國環太平洋軍演…美「空射標六飛彈」首度曝光 射程逾400公里. 联合新闻网. [2024-07-04]. (原始内容存档于2024-07-04). 
  7. ^ Johnston, Carter. 美国海军确认空射版SM-6导弹已投入使用. Naval News. 2024-07-05 [2024-07-07]. SM-6 空射构型(ALC)是作为 SM-6 系列导弹的一部分开发的,目前在海军中实际部署。 
  8. ^ Cenciotti, David. 首张美国海军超级大黄蜂携带两枚空射 SM-6 导弹的图片曝光. The Aviationist. 2024-07-03 [2024-07-07]. 
  9. ^ Cenciotti, David. 美国海军超级大黄蜂携带两枚空射 SM-6 导弹的首张图片曝光. The Aviationist. 2024-07-03 [2024-07-07]. 从本质上讲,这种新型导弹填补了 AIM-54 “凤凰 ”退役后留下的空白。AIM-54 是美国海军 F-14 雄猫战斗机使用的远程空对空导弹,2004 年与 F-14 一起退役。AIM-54 以其超过 100 海里的惊人射程和多目标交战能力而著称,在远程交战能力方面留下了巨大的空白。 
  10. ^ Johnston, Carter. 在 F/A-18 超级大黄蜂上再次发现空射 SM-6. Naval News. 2024-06-04 [2024-07-07]. 
  11. ^ Johnston, Carter. U.S. Navy Confirms SM-6 Air Launched Configuration is Operationally Deployed. Naval News. 2024-07-05 [2024-07-07]. ...Naval News is following a possible lead that points to a potential air-launched SM-6 dating back as far as 2015. 
  12. ^ Cenciotti, David. First Images Emerge Of U.S. Navy Super Hornet Carrying Two Air-Launched SM-6 Missiles. The Aviationist. 2024-07-03 [2024-07-07]. Although the news broke in 2021 only, the first sighting of a Super Hornet carrying an SM-6 variant occurred in 2018 when an F/A-18F from VX-31 was photographed with the same missile under its wing, indicating that the U.S. Navy has been developing an air-launched version of the SM-6/RIM-174 for at least six years. 
  13. ^ Phoenix Successor Redux: The USN's Range Riposte to China's PL-17. [2024-07-31]. (原始内容存档于2024-07-31). …the AIM-174 was a previously classified Special Access Program. 
  14. ^ New AIM-260 Missiles Are So Secretive They Will Require A Custom Storage Bunker At Hill AFB. July 2019 [2024-07-31]. (原始内容存档于2024-07-31). …AIM 260A JATM assets cannot be housed in shared facilities with legacy munitions; and must be supported by a facility designed to meet specific operational requirements, and the stricter Special Access Program Facility security requirements. 
  15. ^ Johnston, Carter. U.S. Navy Confirms SM-6 Air Launched Configuration is Operationally Deployed. Naval News. 2024-07-05 [2024-07-07]. The AIM-260 remains secretive about procurement and delivery given its status as a Special Access Program (SAP). It is likely that the effort to integrate SM-6 is also a SAP… 
  16. ^ Johnston, Carter. U.S. Navy Confirms SM-6 Air Launched Configuration is Operationally Deployed. Naval News. 2024-07-05 [2024-07-07]. …the U.S. Navy joins allies and adversaries in fielding an extra long range beyond-visual-range air-to-air missile (BVRAAM). Examples include Europe's Meteor, Russia's R-37M (AA-13 “Axehead”), China's PL-15 (CH-AA-10 “Abaddon”) and PL-21 (CH-AA-X-12). 
  17. ^ Sebastien Roblin. The Navy's Rhinos Grew a Longer Horn: Does a New Missile Affect US-China Military Balance?. Forbes. [2024-10-10]. (原始内容存档于2024-10-13). The air-launched AIM-174B, however, is shorter because the Mk.72 rocket booster behind the tail fins was removed. 
  18. ^ Sebastien Roblin. The Navy's Rhinos Grew a Longer Horn: Does a New Missile Affect US-China Military Balance?. Forbes. [2024-10-10]. (原始内容存档于2024-10-13). The weapon is an Air Launched Configuration (ALC) of the ship-launched RIM-174 Standard Missile-6 (SM-6), a big weapon weighing 1.6 tons with two solid fuel rockets... 
  19. ^ Newdick, Thomas. F/A-18 Super Hornet Appears With Unprecedented Heavy Air-To-Air Missile Load. Yahoo. 2024-09-11 [2024-09-16]. (原始内容存档于2024-09-13). A series of photos have emerged showing a U.S. Navy F/A-18F Super Hornet with a remarkable and hitherto unseen air-to-air load-out, including four of the very long-range AIM-174B air-to-air missiles. The fighter is also loaded with three medium-range AIM-120 AMRAAMs, and a pair of short-range AIM-9X Sidewinders, along with an infrared search and track system (IRST) and an ATFLIR targeting pod. 
  20. ^ Rogoway, Tyler. Disclosure of New AIM-174B Missile Brings Navy's Future Air-to-Air Strategy Into Focus. TWZ. 2024-07-08 [2024-07-07]. …launched from altitude and speed by a fighter, its range would be extended quite dramatically, giving it the ability to hit some aerial targets over multiple hundreds of miles. 
  21. ^ The US Navy's insane new air-to-air missile: The AIM-174. Sandboxx. [2024-12-25] (美国英语). 
  22. ^ Cenciotti, David. First Images Emerge Of U.S. Navy Super Hornet Carrying Two Air-Launched SM-6 Missiles. The Aviationist. 2024-07-03 [2024-07-07]. The SM-6 uses the airframe of the SM-2ER Block IV (RIM-156A) missile, upgraded with an active radar homing seeker derived from the AIM-120 AMRAAM air-to-air missile. This missile can reach speeds of up to Mach 3.5 and has a maximum range of 200 nautical miles. To that respect, it's not clear what the maximum range of the air-launched version could be: despite the lack of a booster, launching it at high speed and altitude would result in significantly greater range compared to the surface-launched variant. 
  23. ^ Johnston, Carter. U.S. Navy Confirms SM-6 Air Launched Configuration is Operationally Deployed. Naval News. 2024-07-05 [2024-07-07]. 
  24. ^ Phoenix successor redux: The USN's range riposte to China's PL-17?. 
  25. ^ Phoenix Successor Redux: The USN's Range Riposte to China's PL-17. [2024-07-31]. (原始内容存档于2024-07-31). Thirty-two years after the US Navy cancelled its project to replace the Hughes AIM-54 Phoenix long-range air-to-air missile (AAM), the service has introduced into service a likely 300–400+ kilometre-range AAM to fulfil an apparently similar role known as the AIM-174B. 
  26. ^ Rogoway, Tyler. Disclosure of New AIM-174B Missile Brings Navy's Future Air-to-Air Strategy Into Focus. TWZ. 2024-07-08 [2024-07-07]. …launched from altitude and speed by a fighter, its range would be extended quite dramatically, giving it the ability to hit some aerial targets over multiple hundreds of miles. 
  27. ^ Rogoway, Tyler. Disclosure of New AIM-174B Missile Brings Navy's Future Air-to-Air Strategy Into Focus. TWZ. 2024-07-08 [2024-07-07]. Also, published figures are often severely degraded for security purposes, so the actual range of the SM-6 remains unknown, especially across its various use cases. Regardless, launched from altitude and speed by a fighter, its range would be extended quite dramatically, giving it the ability to hit some aerial targets over multiple hundreds of miles. 
  28. ^ New long-range missile project emerges in US budget. November 2, 2017 [November 25, 2017]. (原始内容存档于November 26, 2017). 
  29. ^ Phoenix Successor Redux: The USNS Range Riposte to China's PL-17. [2024-07-31]. (原始内容存档于2024-07-31). A possible target set for the now-in-service AIM-174B is what are sometimes referred to as high value airborne assets (HVAA). HVAAs include airborne early warning, electromagnetic combat and intelligence surveillance and reconnaissance aircraft as well as aircraft capable of carrying long-range anti-ship missiles of various descriptions. 
  30. ^ Eaglen, Mackenzie; Spiller, Cole. The Navy's New Air-to-Air Capability Could Set Roadmap for Repurposing Old Systems. Breaking Defense. 2024-07-16 [2024-07-07]. The extensive range and air-launched capability are poised to greatly bolster the US Navy's fleet defense and high value asset attack, weakening the stranglehold of China's anti-carrier strategy… This would hold crucial backline airborne assets line airborne early warning (AEW) and tanker aircraft at risk, and even directly strike China's distant H-6 “carrier killer” bombers, destroying them before they launch their weapons. 
  31. ^ Rogoway, Tyler. 首架挂载着 AIM - 174 导弹等待起飞的超级大黄蜂战斗机。. TWZ. 2024-07-23 [2024-07-07]. AIM-174 的名称表明该导弹以空对空为主,但水面发射的 SM-6 具有打击海上和陆地目标的能力。[原文如此]空射型完全可以保留这些能力。SM-6系列未来的空射变型弹或衍生弹可以进一步优化,用于反舰或空对地打击。 
  32. ^ 凤凰号的后继者:美国海军 “靶场 ”号对中国 PL-17 的反击. [2024-07-31]. (原始内容存档于2024-07-31). 新型导弹还可能具备打击空射弹道导弹的能力。