脑源性神经营养因子
脑源性神经营养因子(brain-derived neurotrophic factor,BDNF,abrineurin [1])是人脑中的一种蛋白质,由脑源性神经营养因子基因生成。脑源性神经营养因子是神经营养因子中的一种,这种因子存在于人的神经系统中。BDNF是大脑中最丰富的蛋白质,在脑部可以促进神经元(神经细胞)的生长,也促进大脑神经细胞突触的形成。
在人类中,BDNF基因位于11p14.1染色体的位置,即染色体11的短臂(p)第14.1位置。它生成多个转录本,并在不同的组织中表达,尤其在中枢神经系统(CNS)中表达水平较高。研究表明,BDNF对发育、形态学、突触可塑性、长期增强(LTP)以及大脑功能有显著影响。[2]
BDNF蛋白的合成发生在神经元和胶质细胞的细胞体内。它的分泌是依赖于活动的,并且可以通过突触前和突触后末端释放。[2] 研究显示,在大脑中掌管记忆的海马回中含有特别丰富的BDNF,对突触的生长以及长期记忆也非常重要。 BDNF能够在各种刺激下释放,包括兴奋性突触活动、激素和神经肽,这突显了它的动态调控和对环境变化的响应。[2] BDNF在多巴胺能、血清素能、GABA能和胆碱能神经元的形成和维持中起着重要作用,促进突触系统内有效的刺激传递。[2]
BDNF的表达还受到一种长非编码RNA基因的调节,该基因被称为BDNF反义(BDNF-AS或BDNFOS),它是从BDNF基因的反义链转录的。BDNF mRNA和BDNF-AS共享一个共同的重叠区域,并形成双链的双链结构,表明它们之间可能存在相互作用。[2]
另外,若长期处于压力大或忧郁的状态,也可能会抑制大脑BDNF的分泌,影响记忆及认知功能,甚至导致自律神经失调或海马回萎缩等更严重的问题。已经有许多国际研究显示,缺乏BDNF将可能造成一些认知障碍,例如阿兹海默症,此为常见的退化性失智症之一。
注释
[编辑]- ^ Girotra P, Behl T, Sehgal A, Singh S, Bungau S. Investigation of the Molecular Role of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Alzheimer's Disease. J Mol Neurosci. 2022 Feb;72(2):173-186. doi: 10.1007/s12031-021-01824-8. Epub 2021 Aug 23. PMID 34424488.
- ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Shkundin A, Halaris A. Associations of BDNF/BDNF-AS SNPs with Depression, Schizophrenia, and Bipolar Disorder. Journal of Personalized Medicine. September 18, 2023, 13 (9): 1395. PMC 10533016
. PMID 37763162. doi:10.3390/jpm13091395
.
延伸阅读
[编辑]- Fawzi MH, Kira IA, Fawzi MM, Mohamed HE, Fawzi MM. Trauma profile in Egyptian adolescents with first-episode schizophrenia: relation to psychopathology and plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. January 2013, 201 (1): 23–9. PMID 23274291. doi:10.1097/NMD.0b013e31827ab268.
- Vaynman S, Gomez-Pinilla F. Revenge of the "sit": how lifestyle impacts neuronal and cognitive health through molecular systems that interface energy metabolism with neuronal plasticity. J. Neurosci. Res. September 2006, 84 (4): 699–715. PMID 16862541. doi:10.1002/jnr.20979.
- van Praag H, Christie BR, Sejnowski TJ, Gage FH. Running enhances neurogenesis, learning, and long-term potentiation in mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. November 1999, 96 (23): 13427–31. PMC 23964
. PMID 10557337.
- Gómez-Pinilla F, Ying Z, Roy RR, Molteni R, Edgerton VR. Voluntary exercise induces a BDNF-mediated mechanism that promotes neuroplasticity. J. Neurophysiol. November 2002, 88 (5): 2187–95. PMID 12424260. doi:10.1152/jn.00152.2002.
- Meerwijk, Esther L., Judith M. Ford, and Sandra J. Weiss. Brain regions associated with psychological pain: implications for a neural network and its relationship to physical pain. Brain imaging and behavior. 2013, 7 (1): 1–14. PMID 12424260. doi:10.1007/s11682-012-9179-y.
外部链接
[编辑]- Cotman CW, Berchtold NC. BDNF and Alzheimer's Disease—What's the Connection?. Alzforum: Live Discussions. Alzheimer Research Forum. 2004-01-28 [2008-08-21]. (原始内容存档于2008-10-11).
- Patten-Hitt E. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF). Sciencexpress. The HDLighthouse, Huntingtons Disease: Information and Community. 2001-06-14 [2008-08-21]. (原始内容存档于2008-07-25).
- Highfield R. Brain scans 'could reveal mental strength'. Science. Telegraph.co.uk. 2007-10-18 [2008-08-21]. (原始内容存档于2008-05-31).
Low BDNF activity promotes resilience