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美國銀色軍團

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美國銀色軍團
Silver Legion of America
其他名稱銀衫軍
Silver Shirts
Leader威廉·達德利·佩利英語William Dudley Pelley[1]
成立1933年1月31日 (1933-01-31)[2]
解散1941
總部 美國北卡羅來納州阿什維爾[3]
黨報 · Liberation
 · Pelley's Silvershirt Weekly
 · The Galilean
 · The New Liberator
黨團基督教黨英語Christian Party (United States, 1930s)[4][5]
黨員15,000 (約 1934)[6][7]
100,000 (claimed)[8]
意識形態基督教法西斯主義
教權法西斯主義[8]
種族隔離[9]
白人民族主義[10]
孤立主義[11]
政治立場極右[12][13]
宗教信仰基督宗教
地區組織美國中西部美國太平洋沿岸地區有小股社群[14][15]
官方色彩  銀色,   深紅  藍色
口號忠誠、解放與軍團
Loyalty, Liberation, and Legion
黨歌"共和國戰歌"
黨旗
美國政治
政黨 · 選舉

美國銀色軍團(英語:Silver Legion of America),俗稱銀衫軍(英語:Silver Shirts),是美國法西斯納粹同情者的地下組織。由威廉·達德利·佩利英語William Dudley Pelley創立,總部設在北卡羅來納州阿什維爾[16]

參見

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參考

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註腳

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  1. ^ Beekman, Scott. William Dudley Pelley: A Life in Right-Wing Extremism and the Occult. Syracuse University Press. 2005-10-17: 2–3, 80–81, 87, 94, 162, 174, 206 [2023-04-21]. ISBN 978-0-8156-0819-6. (原始內容存檔於2023-05-15) (英語). 
  2. ^ Elliston, J. (2019, July 15). Asheville's Fascist. Retrieved from https://wncmagazine.com/feature/asheville’s_fascist頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館
  3. ^ http://www.ajcarchives.org/AJC_DATA/Files/THR-SS1.PDF頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館) "The Silver Shirts: Their History, Founder, and Axtivities". August 24, 1933
  4. ^ Schultz, Will. William Dudley Pelley (1885-1965). North Carolina History Project. [2020-02-04]. (原始內容存檔於2023-03-27). 
  5. ^ Barkun, Michael. Religion and the Racist Right: The Origins of the Christian Identity Movement. UNC Press Books. 1997: 91. ISBN 9780807846384. 
  6. ^ Silver Shirts. Holocaust Online. [November 14, 2017]. (原始內容存檔於2019-06-14). 
  7. ^ Bernstein, Arnie. 6 Things You May Not Have Known About Nazis in America. The History Reader. October 7, 2013 [November 14, 2017]. (原始內容存檔於2019-09-25). 
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 Schultz, Will. William Dudley Pelley (1885-1965). North Carolina History Project. [November 14, 2017]. (原始內容存檔於2023-03-27). 
  9. ^ Lemmon, Sarah McCulloh. The Ideology of the 'Dixiecrat' Movement. Social Forces. December 1951, 30 (2): 162–71. JSTOR 2571628. doi:10.2307/2571628. 
  10. ^ Lobb, David. Fascist apocalypse: William Pelley and millennial extremism (PDF). Journal of Millennial Studies. 1999, 2 (2) [May 8, 2015]. ISSN 1099-2731. (原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2011-05-15). 
  11. ^ Van Ells, Mark D. Americans for Hitler. americainwwii.com. August 2007 [18 November 2012]. (原始內容存檔於2012-04-13). 
  12. ^ David Brion Davis, ed. The Fear of Conspiracy: Images of Un-American Subversion from the Revolution to the present (1971) pp. xviii–xix
  13. ^ Diamond, pp. 5–6
  14. ^ Lipset & Raab, pp. 162–64
  15. ^ Toy, Eckard V. Jr. Silver Shirts in the Northwest: Politics, Prophecies, and Personalities in the 1930s. The Pacific Northwest Quarterly. 1989, 80 (4): 139–146. JSTOR 40491076. 
  16. ^ http://www.ajcarchives.org/AJC_DATA/Files/THR-SS1. (PDF). [2023-04-21]. (原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2020-07-21).  外部連結存在於|title= (幫助)

延伸閱讀

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  • Allen, Joe "'It Can't Happen Here?': Confronting the Fascist Threat in the US in the Late 1930s," International Socialist Review, Part One: whole no. 85 (Sept.-Oct. 2012), pp. 26–35; Part Two: whole no. 87 (Jan.-Feb. 2013), pp. 19–28.
  • Atwood, Sarah. 'This List Not Complete': Minnesota's Jewish Resistance to the Silver Legion of America, 1936–1940 (PDF). Minnesota History. Winter 2018–2019, 66 (4): 142–155 [2023-04-21]. (原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2023-04-21). 
  • Ribuffo, Leo Paul The Old Christian Right: The Protestant Far Right from the Great Depression to the Cold War. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1983.
  • Spivak, John L. Secret Armies: The New Technique of Nazi Warfare. New York: Modern Age Books, 1939.
  • Werly, John The Millenarian Right: William Dudley Pelley and the Silver Legion of America. PhD dissertation. Syracuse University, 1972.
  • Yeadon, Glen. The Nazi Hydra in America. Joshua Tree, CA: Progressive Press, 2008.

外部連結

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