2024年摩尔多瓦总统选举
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投票率 | 51.74%(首轮) | ||||||||||||||||||
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摩尔多瓦政府与政治 系列条目 |
宪法 |
行政区划 |
外交 |
2024年摩尔多瓦总统选举于2024年10月20日进行首轮投票[1][2],时任总统玛雅·桑杜虽在首轮投票中以42%得票率领先由摩尔多瓦共和国社会主义者党提名的前总检察长亚力山大·斯托亚诺格洛等人,但因得票未过半而须在11月3日进行次轮投票。[3][4]
《卫报》将此次选举称为该国亲欧以及亲俄的选择,玛雅·桑杜亲欧而亚力山大·斯托亚诺格洛亲俄。[5]其他亲俄候选人包括Renato Usatîi、Irina Vlah、Victoria Furtună与瓦西里·塔尔列夫 ;亲欧候选人则有Ion Chicu与Octavian Țîcu。[6]
此次总统首轮选举与加入欧盟修宪公投在同一天进行,该公投最终以“同意”占微弱多数通过。这被视为亲欧总统玛雅·桑杜的胜利,但她仍指控俄罗斯介入并操控此次选举,包括贿选、散播假讯息等。[7]
选制
[编辑]2024年4月17日,摩尔多瓦议会议长伊戈尔·格罗苏宣布将于10月20日举行总统选举和加入欧盟的修宪公投。 [1]该决定在5月16日获摩尔多瓦议会批准。 [9][10]
候选人资格
[编辑]摩尔多瓦宪法第78条第2款规定总统候选人必须满足四个条件:摩尔多瓦公民身份、年龄40岁以上、在摩尔多瓦居住至少10年、能说摩尔多瓦官方语言。而宪法第 80 条规定总统连选得连任一届。 [11]
程序
[编辑]候选人可以由政党或选举联盟提名,也可以以独立候选人身份参选。他们必须从摩尔多瓦至少一半的二级行政区收集到至少15,000位选民连署,而每个行政区至少有600位选民连署。 [12]只有投票率达到或等于 33.33% 时,选举结果才有效。 [13]选举采两轮选举制,首轮选举中获得过半票数的候选人将直接当选。若无人获得过半票数,则在首轮选举两周后将举行次轮选举,由首轮选举中得票数前二多者决选,获得最多选票的候选人即当选。[14]
候选人
[编辑]8月21日至31日期间,摩尔多瓦中央选举委员会(CEC) 收到了23份支持19名候选人的倡议团体登记申请,其中13份申请被接受。 [15]其中两个倡议团体未能让他们的候选人登记参选。
民调
[编辑]选举结果
[编辑]首轮选举
[编辑]玛雅·桑杜和亚力山大·斯托亚诺格洛在首轮投票中进入决选,桑杜以约 42%的得票率赢得第一轮选举。 [3] 他在海外侨民选区获得逾7成的选票。相比之下,她在加告兹自治区[16]和保加利亚人占多数的[17]塔拉克利亚区的成绩最差,分别只获得了 2.26% 和 4.44% 的选票。
与此同时,生于加告兹的亚力山大·斯托亚诺格洛[18]在该地取得了最好的成绩,得票率略低于50%。除了加告兹,他在北部地区[19]和塔拉克利亚也取得了不俗的成绩。
次轮选举
[编辑]玛雅·桑杜以约55%得票率击败亚力山大·斯托亚诺格洛[8]。亚力山大·斯托亚诺格洛在摩尔多瓦境内领先,尤在德涅斯特河沿岸、加告兹自治区及塔拉克利亚区表现不俗。玛雅·桑杜则在都市地区获胜且获得海外侨民的压倒性支持。[20]
候选人 | 政党 | 首轮得票 | % | 次轮得票 | % |
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玛亚·桑杜 | 无党籍(行动和团结党) | 656,852 | 42.49 | 929,964 | 55.33 |
亚力山大·斯托亚诺格洛 | 无党籍(摩尔多瓦共和国社会主义者党) | 401,215 | 25.95 | 750,644 | 44.67 |
Renato Usatîi | 我们党 | 213,169 | 13.79 | 淘汰 | |
Irina Vlah | 无党籍 | 83,193 | 5.38 | ||
Victoria Furtună | 无党籍 | 68,778 | 4.45 | ||
Vasile Tarlev | Future of Moldova Party、摩尔多瓦共和国共产党人党 | 49,316 | 3.19 | ||
Ion Chicu | Party of Development and Consolidation of Moldova | 31,797 | 2.06 | ||
Octavian Țîcu | Blocul „Împreună” | 14,326 | 0.93 | ||
Andrei Năstase | 无党籍 | 9,946 | 0.64 | ||
Natalia Morari | 无党籍 | 9,444 | 0.61 | ||
Tudor Ulianovschi | 无党籍 | 7,995 | 0.52 | ||
有效票数 | 1,546,031 | 98.82 | 1,680,608 | 98.86 | |
无效票数 | 18,464 | 1.18 | 19,337 | 1.14 | |
总票数 | 1,564,495 | 100 | 1,699,945 | 100 | |
已登记选民/投票率 | 3,023,506 | 51.74 | 3,128,349 | 54.34 | |
来源:Central Electoral Commission(首轮)、Central Electoral Commission(次轮) |
后果
[编辑]玛雅·桑杜将首轮选举和公投的结果归咎于外国干涉,并将其描述为“对民主的前所未有的攻击”。她也称政府有证据表明,有15万张选票遭到操控。欧盟也表示,这两次选举是在俄罗斯及其代理人前所未有的干涉和恐吓下进行。 [21]美国指出,俄罗斯试图“破坏摩尔多瓦的选举及其欧洲一体化进程”。 [22]克里姆林宫对此谴责摩尔多瓦的投票“不自由”,并对桑杜和欧盟公投支持票数增加的“难以解释”现象表示怀疑,并要求拿出证据证明干预选举。 [23]
国家安全顾问称,俄罗斯动员选民投票,而部分海外投票所被炸弹攻击威胁[20]。400名摩尔多瓦选民因涉嫌收贿而在公投中投下“反对”并在总统选举中投票给某候选人而受到调查。被判有罪的人将被罚款37,000摩尔多瓦列伊(超过1,900 欧元)。 [24]
注释
[编辑]- ^ 总统依惯例退出党籍,但此次选举获得行动和团结党支持
参考文献
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