抗炎性
（重定向自抗炎）
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抗炎性（英语：Anti-inflammatory）指物质或治疗能减少炎症的特性。
消炎药占约止痛药的一半。消炎药以消炎作用来减少疼痛，与鸦片类药物不同，后者影响中枢神经系统以阻断疼痛讯号传达到大脑。
抗炎药种类
[编辑]- 非甾体抗炎药（非类固醇消炎止痛药）：可中和环加氧酶（cyclooxygenase, COX）来减轻疼痛，因为环加氧酶可以促进前列腺素的生成进而引发炎症。这类非类固醇类消炎药通过阻止前列腺素的生成来减轻或消除疼痛。
- 血清素能致幻剂：多种血清素能致幻剂作为5-HT2A受体激动剂，被发现具有强效的抗炎和免疫调节作用[3][4][5][6][7][8][9]。虽然一些致幻剂具有抗炎作用，但许多致幻剂也是有效的5-HT2B受体激动剂[10]。长期反复使用这些药物会导致心脏纤维化和心脏瓣膜病[11][12][13][14][15]，即使微量服用也可能出现这种情况[11][12][13]。
参考文献
[编辑]- ^ Ingawale DK, Mandlik SK. New insights into the novel anti-inflammatory mode of action of glucocorticoids. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. April 2020, 42 (2): 59–73. PMID 32070175. doi:10.1080/08923973.2020.1728765.
- ^ Escoter-Torres L, Caratti G, Mechtidou A, Tuckermann J, Uhlenhaut NH, Vettorazzi S. Fighting the Fire: Mechanisms of Inflammatory Gene Regulation by the Glucocorticoid Receptor. Front Immunol. 2019, 10: 1859. PMC 6693390
. PMID 31440248. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.01859 .
- ^ Nichols DE, Johnson MW, Nichols CD. Psychedelics as Medicines: An Emerging New Paradigm. Clin Pharmacol Ther. February 2017, 101 (2): 209–219. PMID 28019026. doi:10.1002/cpt.557.
- ^ Flanagan TW, Nichols CD. Psychedelics and Anti-inflammatory Activity in Animal Models. Disruptive Psychopharmacology. Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences 56. 2022: 229–245. ISBN 978-3-031-12183-8. PMID 35546383. doi:10.1007/7854_2022_367.
- ^ Nichols CD. Psychedelics as potent anti-inflammatory therapeutics. Neuropharmacology. November 2022, 219: 109232. PMID 36007854. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109232 .
- ^ Flanagan TW, Nichols CD. Psychedelics as anti-inflammatory agents (PDF). Int Rev Psychiatry. August 2018, 30 (4): 363–375. PMID 30102081. doi:10.1080/09540261.2018.1481827.
- ^ Thompson C, Szabo A. Psychedelics as a novel approach to treating autoimmune conditions. Immunol Lett. December 2020, 228: 45–54. PMID 33035575. doi:10.1016/j.imlet.2020.10.001. hdl:10852/80687 .
- ^ Low ZX, Ng WS, Lim ES, Goh BH, Kumari Y. The immunomodulatory effects of classical psychedelics: A systematic review of preclinical studies. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. September 2024, 136: 111139. PMID 39251080. doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111139 .
- ^ Flanagan TW, Billac GB, Landry AN, Sebastian MN, Cormier SA, Nichols CD. Structure-Activity Relationship Analysis of Psychedelics in a Rat Model of Asthma Reveals the Anti-Inflammatory Pharmacophore. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci. April 2021, 4 (2): 488–502. PMC 8033619 . PMID 33860179. doi:10.1021/acsptsci.0c00063.
- ^ Luethi, Dino; Liechti, Matthias E. Drugs of Abuse Affecting 5-HT2B Receptors. 5-HT2B Receptors 35. Cham: Springer International Publishing. 2021: 277–289. ISBN 978-3-030-55919-9. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-55920-5_16.
- ^ 11.0 11.1 Tagen M, Mantuani D, van Heerden L, Holstein A, Klumpers LE, Knowles R. The risk of chronic psychedelic and MDMA microdosing for valvular heart disease. J Psychopharmacol. September 2023, 37 (9): 876–890. PMID 37572027. doi:10.1177/02698811231190865.
- ^ 12.0 12.1 Rouaud A, Calder AE, Hasler G. Microdosing psychedelics and the risk of cardiac fibrosis and valvulopathy: Comparison to known cardiotoxins. J Psychopharmacol. March 2024, 38 (3): 217–224. PMC 10944580 . PMID 38214279. doi:10.1177/02698811231225609.
- ^ 13.0 13.1 Nahlawi A, Ptaszek LM, Ruskin JN. Cardiovascular effects and safety of classic psychedelics. Nat Cardiovasc Res. February 2025, 4 (2): 131–144. PMID 39910289. doi:10.1038/s44161-025-00608-2.
- ^ Wsół A. Cardiovascular safety of psychedelic medicine: current status and future directions. Pharmacol Rep. December 2023, 75 (6): 1362–1380. PMC 10661823 . PMID 37874530. doi:10.1007/s43440-023-00539-4.
- ^ McIntyre RS. Serotonin 5-HT2B receptor agonism and valvular heart disease: implications for the development of psilocybin and related agents. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2023, 22 (10): 881–883. PMID 37581427. doi:10.1080/14740338.2023.2248883.
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