子弹蚁

子弹蚁
	子弹蚁
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	节肢动物门 Arthropoda
纲：	昆虫纲 Insecta
目：	膜翅目 Hymenoptera
科：	蚁科 Formicidae
属：	近针蚁属 Paraponera; Frederick Smith, 1858
种：	子弹蚁 P. clavata
二名法
	Paraponera clavata; (Johan Christian Fabricius, 1775)
异名
	Formica aculeata Olivier, 1792 ; Ponera tarsalis Perty, 1833 ;

子弹蚁（学名：Paraponera clavata）是一种蚂蚁，只居住在中南美洲。

子弹蚁的体型可超过2.5公分，是世界上体形最大的蚂蚁之一。由于被凶狠的针一下的话就会感受到好像被子弹打到的那种疼痛，被冠以子弹蚁这样的称呼。子弹蚁能掠食像小型蛙的猎物，即使只有一只也可以捕食比自身大好几倍的昆虫。唯一的克星是比较小的寄生蝇。牠也是世界上被咬到最痛的昆虫。

巴西亚马逊州的Mawé族原住民会将子弹蚁放入竹编手套，用于成年男性的成年礼中。只有扛过了被子弹蚁蛰伤的剧痛感，他们才会被冠以真男人的称号，并且被允许与女人结婚^[3]

描述

工蚁的体长约为 18—30 mm（0.7—1.2英寸）^[4]，外型类似带有红色光泽的黑色粗壮无翼黄蜂。子弹蚁为掠食者，和其他较原始的蚂蚁一样，牠们的工蚁不具有多态性，而蚁后的体型也没有较工蚁大^[5]。子弹蚁并非侵略性强的物种，但是牠们会极力保卫牠们的蚁窝，透过鸣喘发音（英语：stridulation）发出警告并利用螫针攻击入侵者^[6]。

婚飞

全年婚飞：

列表^[7]
X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
1月	2月	3月	4月	5月	6月	7月	8月	9月	10月	11月	12月

参考文献

^ Latreille, P. A. 1802b. Histoire naturelle générale et particulière des Crustacés et des insectes. Tome 3. Familles naturelles des genres. Paris: F. Dufart, xii + 467 pp. (page 207, Senior synonym of aculeata, and material of the unavailable name spininoda referred here)
^ Smith, F. 1858b. Catalogue of hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae. London: British Museum, 216 pp. (page 101, male described; page 100, Combination in Paraponera, Senior synonym of tarsalis)
^ Backshall, Steve. Bitten by the Amazon. The Sunday Times (London). 6 January 2008 [21 May 2010]. （原始内容存档于2014-02-22）.
^ Brown, B. V.; Feener, D. H. Behavior and Host Location Cues of Apocephalus paraponerae (Diptera: Phoridae), a Parasitoid of the Giant Tropical Ant, Paraponera clavata (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Biotropica. 1991, 23 (2): 182–187. JSTOR 2388304. doi:10.2307/2388304.
^ Morgan, Randy C. Giant Tropical Bullet Ant, Paraponera clavata, Natural History and Captive Management. Sonoran Arthropod Studies Institute. [June 10, 2014]. （原始内容存档于2009-03-23）.
^ Haddad, Vidal. Description of an injury in a human caused by a false tocandira (Dinoponera gigantea, Perty, 1833) with a revision on folkloric, pharmacological and clinical aspects of the giant ants of the genera Paraponera and Dinoponera (sub-family Ponerinae). SciELO. 2005, 47 (4) [2019-04-14]. ISSN 1678-9946. （原始内容存档于2021-03-08）.
^ Kannowski. P.B. 1991. Occurrence of alates of the neotropical ant, Paraponera clavata (Hymmoptera, Formicidae), at lights during the dry-wet seasons interface in Panama. J. Entomol. Sci. 26: 375-377.

外部链接

Brief article about Paraponera clavata （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Short article on the bullet ant and poneratoxin （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Giant tropical bullet ant, Paraponera clavata, natural history and captive management, article with images
YouTube video of initiation ritual （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Paraponera clavata （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） at AntWeb

[1] Latreille, P. A. 1802b. Histoire naturelle générale et particulière des Crustacés et des insectes. Tome 3. Familles naturelles des genres. Paris: F. Dufart, xii + 467 pp. (page 207, Senior synonym of aculeata, and material of the unavailable name spininoda referred here)

[2] Smith, F. 1858b. Catalogue of hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae. London: British Museum, 216 pp. (page 101, male described; page 100, Combination in Paraponera, Senior synonym of tarsalis)

[3] Backshall, Steve. Bitten by the Amazon. The Sunday Times (London). 6 January 2008 [21 May 2010]. （原始内容存档于2014-02-22）.

[brown-4] Brown, B. V.; Feener, D. H. Behavior and Host Location Cues of Apocephalus paraponerae (Diptera: Phoridae), a Parasitoid of the Giant Tropical Ant, Paraponera clavata (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Biotropica. 1991, 23 (2): 182–187. JSTOR 2388304. doi:10.2307/2388304.

[5] Morgan, Randy C. Giant Tropical Bullet Ant, Paraponera clavata, Natural History and Captive Management. Sonoran Arthropod Studies Institute. [June 10, 2014]. （原始内容存档于2009-03-23）.

[SciELO-6] Haddad, Vidal. Description of an injury in a human caused by a false tocandira (Dinoponera gigantea, Perty, 1833) with a revision on folkloric, pharmacological and clinical aspects of the giant ants of the genera Paraponera and Dinoponera (sub-family Ponerinae). SciELO. 2005, 47 (4) [2019-04-14]. ISSN 1678-9946. （原始内容存档于2021-03-08）.

[Kannowski-7] Kannowski. P.B. 1991. Occurrence of alates of the neotropical ant, Paraponera clavata (Hymmoptera, Formicidae), at lights during the dry-wet seasons interface in Panama. J. Entomol. Sci. 26: 375-377.

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