西澳分裂主義

1933年分離主義者印製的「如何投票卡（英語：How-to-vote card）」

西澳分裂主義是西澳州於1901年加入澳大利亞聯邦後不時會重複發起的議題^[1]^[2]^[3]，其主張主要基於聯邦政府因為西澳州人口稀疏，而偏袒於東部州份的假設^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]。普遍的說法是西澳州被視為灰姑娘州份，它對聯邦政府的貢獻遠比得到的為多，從而引申出被人口較多的州份所歧視的想法^[8]^[9]^[10]。

沿革

西澳州佔澳大利亞總陸地面積的三分一，其首府珀斯距離最近任何一個澳大利亞的大城市都超過2,000公里，加上西澳州礦藏豐富，人均收入遠高於全國的平均水平，造就民眾普遍對國家較低的歸屬感，每逢經濟不景或遭受天災人禍時，脫澳的呼聲都會趁機抬頭^[11]^[12]。

1933年公投

當時該州主要的出口為小麥，經濟大蕭條導致小麥價格暴跌，珀斯的失業率上升至30%。自治同盟成立，主張西澳州獨立，成為「威斯特拉利亞自治領」。公投以68％的票數通過。及後，州政府派員前往英國，要求推翻30多年前加入聯邦政府的協議。英國下議院設立專責委員會，經過18個月的談判和遊說最後決定不予處理，並進一步聲明不能合法地批准分裂國家。雖然代表團空手而回，但「威斯特拉利亞」（Westralia）自此成為了西澳州分離主義的代名詞^[13]。

1974年威斯特拉利分裂運動

礦業大亨郎·漢考克（英語：Lang Hancock）於1974年組織「威斯特拉利分裂運動」（Westralian Secession Movement），認為澳大利亞各地的貿易壁壘損害了該州的礦材和小麥出口，奈何它所支持的候選人沒有在聯邦大選（英語：1974 Australian federal election）中勝出。

2020年新冠肺炎期間

新冠肺炎期間，西澳州封鎖了其州界，限制了跨州的往來，分離主義的討論又再度活躍起來^[14]。據民意調查顯示，28%的民眾支持脫澳^[15]^[16]^[17]。

參考

^ Musgrave，第100頁.
^ Craven, Gregory. Secession, the ultimate states right. Carlton, Vic.: Melbourne University Press. 1986: 31. ISBN 0522843174. OCLC 16867753.
^ Wright, Shane. Welcome... to the Republic of Western Australia. The West Australian. 24 April 2010 [3 August 2021]. （原始內容存檔於3 August 2021）. Western Australia has had a long history of flirting with the idea of becoming its own nation state
^ Harrop, Daniel. The Republic of Western Australia: The Legal Possibility of Western Australia's Secession from the Australian Federation (PDF). The Western Australian Jurist. 2011, (3): 233–250 [3 August 2021]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於3 August 2021）.
^ Smith, Dean. Paltry GST share fires up WA secession fervour. The West Australian. 20 April 2017 [3 August 2021]. （原始內容存檔於3 August 2021）（英語）.
^ Heriot, Dianne. Western Australia: State of secession?. aph.gov.au. Parliament House, Canberra: Australian Parliament. 1 September 2017 [3 August 2021]. （原始內容存檔於3 August 2021）（澳洲英語）.
^ Hiller, Harry H. Secession in Western Australia: A Continuing Phenomenon?. The Australian Quarterly. 1987, 59 (2): 222–233. JSTOR 20635434. doi:10.2307/20635434.
^ Western Australia: The Cinderella state of the Commonwealth, Barclay & Sharland, 1920 [9 April 2013], （原始內容存檔於19 December 2020）
^ Western Australia Now and Then. Cinderella State. wanowandthen.com. [4 August 2021]. （原始內容存檔於29 April 2010） –透過National Library of Australia – Trove.
^ Thomas, Athol, Sunshine and space make the Cinderella State an exciting place, The Bulletin (Sydney), 1978-10-10, (10 Oct 1978): 65–67+, ISSN 0007-4039
^ 赫特河公國自立門戶非單一事件西澳州分離主義盛行. 中央廣播電台. 2020-08-15 [2023-09-12]. （原始內容存檔於2023-08-22）.
^ 雄鷹. 脱澳！西澳大利亚州，为什么有独立倾向？. 鳳凰網. 2021-08-31 [2023-09-12]. （原始內容存檔於2021-10-25）.
^ PLAIN ENGLISH. "Westralia under Federation." (15 March 1933), The Bulletin (John Haynes and J.F. Archibald), 1933-03-15, 54 (2770): 9, ISSN 0007-4039
^ Why WA wants to break off from the rest of Australia. 7NEWS.com.au. 2020-10-06 [2020-11-22]. （原始內容存檔於31 October 2020）（英語）.
^ 'Deeply concerning': One-in-four want WAxit. The West Australian. 5 October 2020 [5 October 2020]. （原始內容存檔於5 October 2020）（英語）.
^ How viable is a WA secession?. ABC Radio. 7 October 2020 [8 October 2020]. （原始內容存檔於4 February 2022）（澳洲英語）.
^ Ex-Palmer pollies behind WAxit election push. The West Australian. 6 October 2020 [8 October 2020]. （原始內容存檔於6 October 2020）（英語）.

伸延閱讀

1925 to 1950: From Federation to Thoughts on Secession. [2006-04-20]. （原始內容存檔於5 April 2006）.
Western Australia and Federation. [2006-04-20]. （原始內容存檔於15 April 2021）.
Musgrave, Thomas. The Western Australian Secessionist Movement (PDF). （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2006-08-21）. (2003) 3 Macquarie Law Journal 95.

外部連結

http://www.slwa.wa.gov.au/federation/000_bibl.htm （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館） A collection of primary sources relating to secession at the J S Battye Library
http://www.slwa.wa.gov.au/federation/iss/index.htm （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
http://www.fergco.com/~samgriffith/papers/html/volume3/v3chap5.htm Archive.is的存檔，存檔日期2007-09-28 – Geoffrey Bolton
http://www.fergco.com/~samgriffith/papers/html/volume3/v3chap6.htm （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館） – Campbell Sharman
http://www.curriculum.edu.au/ddunits/units/ms4fq3acts.htm#4act2 （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
Stateline – Norman Moore talks secession （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）

[FOOTNOTEMusgrave100-1] Musgrave，第100頁.

[Craven-2] Craven, Gregory. Secession, the ultimate states right. Carlton, Vic.: Melbourne University Press. 1986: 31. ISBN 0522843174. OCLC 16867753.

[Wright-3] Wright, Shane. Welcome... to the Republic of Western Australia. The West Australian. 24 April 2010 [3 August 2021]. （原始內容存檔於3 August 2021）. Western Australia has had a long history of flirting with the idea of becoming its own nation state

[harrop-4] Harrop, Daniel. The Republic of Western Australia: The Legal Possibility of Western Australia's Secession from the Australian Federation (PDF). The Western Australian Jurist. 2011, (3): 233–250 [3 August 2021]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於3 August 2021）.

[Smith-5] Smith, Dean. Paltry GST share fires up WA secession fervour. The West Australian. 20 April 2017 [3 August 2021]. （原始內容存檔於3 August 2021）（英語）.

[Heriot-6] Heriot, Dianne. Western Australia: State of secession?. aph.gov.au. Parliament House, Canberra: Australian Parliament. 1 September 2017 [3 August 2021]. （原始內容存檔於3 August 2021）（澳洲英語）.

[Hiller-7] Hiller, Harry H. Secession in Western Australia: A Continuing Phenomenon?. The Australian Quarterly. 1987, 59 (2): 222–233. JSTOR 20635434. doi:10.2307/20635434.

[8] Western Australia: The Cinderella state of the Commonwealth, Barclay & Sharland, 1920 [9 April 2013], （原始內容存檔於19 December 2020）

[wanat-9] Western Australia Now and Then. Cinderella State. wanowandthen.com. [4 August 2021]. （原始內容存檔於29 April 2010） –透過National Library of Australia – Trove.

[10] Thomas, Athol, Sunshine and space make the Cinderella State an exciting place, The Bulletin (Sydney), 1978-10-10, (10 Oct 1978): 65–67+, ISSN 0007-4039

[11] 赫特河公國自立門戶非單一事件西澳州分離主義盛行. 中央廣播電台. 2020-08-15 [2023-09-12]. （原始內容存檔於2023-08-22）.

[12] 雄鷹. 脱澳！西澳大利亚州，为什么有独立倾向？. 鳳凰網. 2021-08-31 [2023-09-12]. （原始內容存檔於2021-10-25）.

[13] PLAIN ENGLISH. "Westralia under Federation." (15 March 1933), The Bulletin (John Haynes and J.F. Archibald), 1933-03-15, 54 (2770): 9, ISSN 0007-4039

[14] Why WA wants to break off from the rest of Australia. 7NEWS.com.au. 2020-10-06 [2020-11-22]. （原始內容存檔於31 October 2020）（英語）.

[15] 'Deeply concerning': One-in-four want WAxit. The West Australian. 5 October 2020 [5 October 2020]. （原始內容存檔於5 October 2020）（英語）.

[how-16] How viable is a WA secession?. ABC Radio. 7 October 2020 [8 October 2020]. （原始內容存檔於4 February 2022）（澳洲英語）.

[expalmer-17] Ex-Palmer pollies behind WAxit election push. The West Australian. 6 October 2020 [8 October 2020]. （原始內容存檔於6 October 2020）（英語）.

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