須蟻屬

須蟻屬
	Pogonomyrmex barbatus worker
科學分類
界：	動物界 Animalia
門：	節肢動物門 Arthropoda
綱：	昆蟲綱 Insecta
目：	膜翅目 Hymenoptera
科：	蟻科 Formicidae
亞科：	家蟻亞科 Myrmicinae
族：	須蟻族 Pogonomyrmecini
屬：	須蟻屬 Pogonomyrmex; Mayr, 1868
模式種
	栗紅須蟻 Pogonomyrmex badius; Latreille, 1802
多樣性
	69種
異名
	Ephebomyrmex Wheeler, 1902 ; Forelomyrmex Wheeler, 1913 ; Janetia Forel, 1899 ;

須蟻屬（學名：Pogonomyrmex）台譯毛收割家蟻屬，主要分布在北美洲、中美洲和南美洲的沙漠中，其中蟻種為海地的特有種。

描述

「Pogonomyrmex」是由「pogono-」和「myrmex」兩個詞組成的，前者譯為「有鬍鬚的」，後者則為「螞蟻」的意思，即譯為「長了鬍子的螞蟻」。鬍鬚是為了在搬運種子時能更好地固定住種子，避免球形的種子滑動而進化出來的。

毒液

Pogonomyrmex工蟻的毒液是所有昆蟲中毒性最強的，而其中的馬里科帕須蟻（Pogonomyrmex maricopa（英語：Pogonomyrmex maricopa））又是迄今為止檢測出毒性最強的。^[2] LD₅₀僅為 0.12毫克/千克，而西方蜜蜂的毒液為 2.8mg/kg，與眼鏡蛇毒液相當。這種毒液被認為是一種反脊椎動物的防禦手段，特別是針對那些進化出選擇性以它們為食的捕食者，比如角蜥屬的物種。很少有昆蟲的毒液毒性經過正式測試，而其他昆蟲的毒液可能更強效。

巢穴

該屬螞蟻的巢穴位於很深的地方，其中有許多巢室，它們在裡面保存種子，從中為幼蟲獲取食物。大多數須蟻巢穴周圍區域往往完全沒有植被，從遠處就很容易看到。

狩獵

除了角蜥之外，Clypeadon（英語：Clypeadon）屬的蜂類會捕食須蟻，但它們只以Pogonomyrmex的工蟻為食，它們用毒液使工蜂麻痹，然後將它們帶回洞穴，作為黃蜂幼蟲的食物。

物種

截至 2014年，該屬現存物種有 69種，1種化石物種。

Pogonomyrmex abdominalis Santschi, 1929
Pogonomyrmex andinus Kusnezov, 1951
寄生須蟻（英語：Pogonomyrmex anergismus） Pogonomyrmex anergismus' Cole, 1954
Pogonomyrmex angustus Mayr, 1870
安沙須蟻（英語：Pogonomyrmex anzensis） Pogonomyrmex anzensis Cole, 1968
阿帕奇須蟻（英語：Pogonomyrmex apache） Pogonomyrmex apache Wheeler, 1902
Pogonomyrmex atratus Santschi, 1922
Pogonomyrmex badius (Latreille, 1802)
Pogonomyrmex barbatus (Smith, 1858)
雙色須蟻（英語：Pogonomyrmex bicolor） Pogonomyrmex bicolor Cole, 1968
大彎須蟻（英語：Pogonomyrmex bigbendensis） Pogonomyrmex bigbendensis Francke & Merickel, 1982
Pogonomyrmex bispinosus (Spinola, 1851)
Pogonomyrmex brevibarbis Emery, 1906
Pogonomyrmex brevispinosus Cole, 1968
Pogonomyrmex bruchi Forel, 1913
加州須蟻（英語：Pogonomyrmex californicus） Pogonomyrmex californicus (Buckley, 1866)
Pogonomyrmex carbonarius Mayr, 1868
Pogonomyrmex catanlilensis Gallardo, 1931
Pogonomyrmex coarctatus Mayr, 1868
Pogonomyrmex colei Snelling, 1982
Pogonomyrmex comanche Wheeler, 1902
Pogonomyrmex cunicularius Mayr, 1887
Pogonomyrmex desertorum Wheeler, 1902
†化石須蟻（英語：Pogonomyrmex fossilis） Pogonomyrmex fossilis Carpenter, 1930
Pogonomyrmex guatemaltecus Wheeler, 1914
Pogonomyrmex hoelldobleri Johnson, Overson & Moreau, 2013^[3]
Pogonomyrmex huachucanus Wheeler, 1914
Pogonomyrmex humerotumidus Vásquez-Bolaños & Mackay, 2004
Pogonomyrmex imberbiculus Wheeler, 1902
Pogonomyrmex inermis Forel, 1914
Pogonomyrmex kusnezovi Cuezzo & Claver, 2009^[4]
Pogonomyrmex laevigatus Santschi, 1921
Pogonomyrmex laevinodis Snelling, 1982
Pogonomyrmex laticeps Santschi, 1922
Pogonomyrmex lobatus Santschi, 1921
Pogonomyrmex longibarbis Gallardo, 1931
Pogonomyrmex magnacanthus Cole, 1968
Pogonomyrmex marcusi Kusnezov, 1951
馬里科帕須蟻（英語：Pogonomyrmex maricopa） Pogonomyrmex maricopa Wheeler, 1914
Pogonomyrmex mayri Forel, 1899
Pogonomyrmex mendozanus Cuezzo & Claver, 2009^[4]
Pogonomyrmex meridionalis Kusnezov, 1951
Pogonomyrmex micans Forel, 1914
Pogonomyrmex mohavensis Johnson & Overson, 2009^[5]
Pogonomyrmex montanus MacKay, 1980
Pogonomyrmex naegelii Emery, 1878
Pogonomyrmex occidentalis (Cresson, 1865)
Pogonomyrmex odoratus Kusnezov, 1949
Pogonomyrmex pima Wheeler, 1909
Pogonomyrmex pronotalis Santschi, 1922
Pogonomyrmex rastratus Mayr, 1868
Pogonomyrmex rugosus Emery, 1895
Pogonomyrmex salinus Olsen, 1934
Pogonomyrmex saucius Wheeler & Mann, 1914
Pogonomyrmex schmitti Forel, 1901
Pogonomyrmex snellingi Taber, 1998
Pogonomyrmex stefani Lattke, 2006^[6]
Pogonomyrmex striatinodus Fernández & Palacio, 1998
Pogonomyrmex subdentatus Mayr, 1870
Pogonomyrmex subnitidus Emery, 1895
Pogonomyrmex sylvestris Lattke, 1991
Pogonomyrmex tenuipubens Santschi, 1936
Pogonomyrmex tenuispinus Forel, 1914
德州須蟻 Pogonomyrmex texanus Francke & Merickel, 1982
Pogonomyrmex theresiae Forel, 1899
Pogonomyrmex uruguayensis Mayr, 1887
Pogonomyrmex variabilis Santschi, 1916
Pogonomyrmex vermiculatus Emery, 1906
Pogonomyrmex wheeleri Olsen, 1934

加州須蟻 P. californicus
紅鬍鬚蟻 P. barbatus
正在收集食物
紅鬍鬚蟻 P. barbatus 的幼蟲

參考

^ Bolton, B. Pogonomyrmex. AntCat. 2014 [23 July 2014].
^ W. L. Meyer. Chapter 23 — Most Toxic Insect Venom. Book of Insect Records. University of Florida. 1996-05-01. （原始內容存檔於2008-06-13）.
^ Johnson, R. A., et al. (2013). A new species of seed-harvester ant, Pogonomyrmex hoelldobleri (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), from the Mohave and Sonoran Deserts of North America.^{[永久失效連結]} Zootaxa 3646(3), 201-27.
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 Cuezzo, F. and S. Claver. (2009). Two new species of the ant genus Pogonomyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Argentina. Rev. Soc. Entomol. Argent 68(1-2), 97-106.
^ Johnson, R. A. and R. P. Overson. (2009). A new North american species of Pogonomyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from the Mohave Desert of eastern California and western Nevada. Journal of Hymenptera Research 18(2), 305-14.
^ Lattke, J. E. (2006). A new species of Pogonomyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from gallery forests of the Orinoco Watershed, Venezuela.^{[永久失效連結]} Myrmecologische Nachrichten 8, 53-57.

外部連結

維基共享資源上的相關多媒體資源：Pogonomyrmex

[AntCat-1] Bolton, B. Pogonomyrmex. AntCat. 2014 [23 July 2014].

[2] W. L. Meyer. Chapter 23 — Most Toxic Insect Venom. Book of Insect Records. University of Florida. 1996-05-01. （原始內容存檔於2008-06-13）.

[john-3] Johnson, R. A., et al. (2013). A new species of seed-harvester ant, Pogonomyrmex hoelldobleri (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), from the Mohave and Sonoran Deserts of North America.^{[永久失效連結]} Zootaxa 3646(3), 201-27.

[cue-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Cuezzo, F. and S. Claver. (2009). Two new species of the ant genus Pogonomyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Argentina. Rev. Soc. Entomol. Argent 68(1-2), 97-106.

[john2-5] Johnson, R. A. and R. P. Overson. (2009). A new North american species of Pogonomyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from the Mohave Desert of eastern California and western Nevada. Journal of Hymenptera Research 18(2), 305-14.

[lat-6] Lattke, J. E. (2006). A new species of Pogonomyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from gallery forests of the Orinoco Watershed, Venezuela.^{[永久失效連結]} Myrmecologische Nachrichten 8, 53-57.

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