雷氏不连续面

雷氏不连续面（Lehmann discontinuity）或称雷嫚不连续面、莱曼不连续面，是指在地球的地函中，地震波P波和S波突然加速的区域，该区域一般在5150km深，为内核与外核的交界点公里深处，该区域厚度约220公里^{[来源请求]}。该不连续面由丹麦女性地震学家英格·雷曼于1936年发现并以其姓氏命名^[2]。

历史

英格·雷曼于1953年从丹麦大地测量研究所退休，她在该研究所任职的最后几年和同事的关系不合，部分原因可能是她没有耐心应付能力不如她的同事。之后莱曼在美国居住数年，并且和莫里斯·尤因以及法兰克·普莱斯共同研究地壳和地函。这段时间她发现了另一个地震波不连续面，该不连续面位于190～250公里深处，并命名为“雷氏不连续面”作为对她的尊敬。^{[来源请求]}

其他用法

部分文献中，雷氏不连续面是指190～250公里深处的不连续面。^{[来源请求]} 此雷氏不连续面在大陆地壳下存在，但在海洋地壳的大多数区域以下不存在^[3]，并且在全球性的平均研究中不容易出现。关于地震波速度增加的现象已有数个解释提出，例如它的下限和有弹性的软流圈相连，相变造成震波速度变化^[4]；而目前认为最可能的是S波在深度变化时的非均向性 ^[5]。相关细节请参见唐戸俊一郎著作^[6]。

注释

^ Figure patterned after Don L Anderson. New theory of the earth 2nd. Cambridge University Press. 2007: 102, Figure 8.6. ISBN 0-521-84959-4. ; Original figure attributed to Grand & Helmberger (1984)
^ ，参见 William Lowrie. Fundamentals of geophysics. Cambridge University Press. 1997: 158 [2013-03-13]. ISBN 0-521-46728-4. （原始内容存档于2013-10-13）.
^ Lars Stixrude and Carolina Lithgow-Bertolloni. Mineralogy and elasticity of the oceanic upper mantle: Origin of the low-velocity zone (PDF). J Geophys. Res. 2005, 110: B03204. doi:10.1029/2004JB002965. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-08-30）. The first possible explanation is that the Lehmann is not a global feature...the Lehmann is more prevalent under continents and may be absent under all or most of the oceans.
^ Kent C. Condie. Plate tectonics and crustal evolution 4rth. Butterworth-Heinemann. 1997: 123. ISBN 0-7506-3386-7.
^ MK Savage, KM Fischer CE Hall. Strain modelling, seismic anisotropy and coupling at strike-slip boundaries.... John Gocott (编). Vertical coupling and decoupling in the lithosphere; Volume 227 of special publications. Geological Society. 2004: 14. ISBN 1-86239-159-9.
^ Shunʼichirō Karato. Deformation of earth materials: an introduction to the rheology of solid earth. Cambridge University Press. 2008: 318. ISBN 0-521-84404-5.

延伸阅读

P Caloi. The “20° Discontinuity”. H. E. Landsberg, J. Van Mieghem (编). Advances in geophysics, Volume 12. Academic Press. 1967: 167 ff. ISBN 0-12-018812-0. – some historic background.

外部链接

Inge Lehmann, UCLA
Career highlights of Inge Lehmann from UCLA （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

[Anderson1-1] Figure patterned after Don L Anderson. New theory of the earth 2nd. Cambridge University Press. 2007: 102, Figure 8.6. ISBN 0-521-84959-4. ; Original figure attributed to Grand & Helmberger (1984)

[Lowrie-2] ，参见 William Lowrie. Fundamentals of geophysics. Cambridge University Press. 1997: 158 [2013-03-13]. ISBN 0-521-46728-4. （原始内容存档于2013-10-13）.

[Stixrude-3] Lars Stixrude and Carolina Lithgow-Bertolloni. Mineralogy and elasticity of the oceanic upper mantle: Origin of the low-velocity zone (PDF). J Geophys. Res. 2005, 110: B03204. doi:10.1029/2004JB002965. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-08-30）. The first possible explanation is that the Lehmann is not a global feature...the Lehmann is more prevalent under continents and may be absent under all or most of the oceans.

[Condie-4] Kent C. Condie. Plate tectonics and crustal evolution 4rth. Butterworth-Heinemann. 1997: 123. ISBN 0-7506-3386-7.

[Savage-5] MK Savage, KM Fischer CE Hall. Strain modelling, seismic anisotropy and coupling at strike-slip boundaries.... John Gocott (编). Vertical coupling and decoupling in the lithosphere; Volume 227 of special publications. Geological Society. 2004: 14. ISBN 1-86239-159-9.

[Karato-6] Shunʼichirō Karato. Deformation of earth materials: an introduction to the rheology of solid earth. Cambridge University Press. 2008: 318. ISBN 0-521-84404-5.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]