工合 (美国俚语)
外观
工合的中华民国国语发音衍生作美式英语形容词Gung ho(发音: /ˈɡʌŋˈhoʊ/)。尽管此两字的中文原意为“工业合作社”之简称[1],但被美式英语吸收后衍伸出“起劲”、“卖力”及“热心”,甚至是“过份热心”[2]的涵义。
“工合”一词在英语世界的使用可追溯自中国抗日战争时代,由驻华的美国海军陆战队少校埃文斯·福代斯·卡尔逊取自其纽西兰好友路易·艾黎在华创立的“工合国际”。卡尔逊在1943年一次访谈中解释道:“我试图创建自己在中国见识到的同一种工作精神,在那里,全体士兵奉献一己之力于同一理念,并分工合作达成目标。我一再告诉海军陆战队的弟兄们,一遍又一遍的讲述‘工合’这个中国合作社的训言,其意味著分工合作、同心协力。”[3]
之后,卡尔逊将“工合”的理念用于其领导的第2海军陆战突击营(2nd Marine Raider Battalion)中,后来扩大到全海军陆战队中其他部队,成为精神标语。而在以第2陆战突击营及其梅金岛奇袭为题材的1943年战争片“喋血梅金岛”(英语:Gung Ho!)上映后,该词汇开始为美国民间及社会大众使用。
相关条目
[编辑]注释及参考文献
[编辑]- ^ Moe, 26, 30.
- ^ Yiannoppulos, Milo. HERE ARE SOME OF THE MOST OUTRAGEOUS HOLLYWOOD REACTIONS TO TRUMP’S VICTORY. 2016-11-09 [2016-11-10]. (原始内容存档于2016-11-10) (英语).:第一段这么写:
Many of the celebrities that were gung-ho for Hillary on the campaign trail have devolved into a state of frenzy.
- ^ 原文:“I was trying to build up the same sort of working spirit I had seen in China where all the soldiers dedicated themselves to one idea and worked together to put that idea over. I told the boys about it again and again. I told them of the motto of the Chinese Cooperatives, Gung Ho. It means Work Together-Work in Harmony.....”
Don Burke, "Carlson of the Raiders," Life, September 20, 1943, quote in Moe, p. 58.