收获蚁属
收获蚁属
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| 未交配的野蛮收获蚁雌性繁殖蚁 | |
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| 一个工匠收获蚁的群落
Messor strutor | |
科学分类 
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| 界： | 动物界 Animalia |
| 门： | 节肢动物门 Arthropoda |
| 纲： | 昆虫纲 Insecta |
| 目： | 膜翅目 Hymenoptera |
| 科： | 蚁科 Formicidae |
| 亚科： | 家蚁亚科 Myrmicinae |
| 属： | 收获蚁属 Messor Forel, 1890 |
| 模式种 | |
| 野蛮收获蚁 Formica barbara[1] Linnaeus, 1767
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| 多样性 | |
| 100种以上左右 | |
| 异名 | |
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Cratomyrmex Emery, 1892 | |
收获蚁属（学名：Messor）又称收割家蚁属，是蚁科、切叶蚁亚科的一个属，该属有着100多个成员，命名方式源自罗马神话中的农作物和收获之神梅索尔（Messor）。地下群落通常分布在空旷的田野和路边附近，开口直接通向地面。
该属物种的群落可达到很大的规模，并以其设计精巧的粮仓而闻名。在粮仓中，种子被储存在干燥的环境中，以防止发芽。收获蚁的结构巢穴非常复杂，总体而言，该属物种有着很强大的建筑能力。
收获蚁有很多种分化，并且具有独特的大头特化，它们的作用是搬运种子以及开种子。虽然它们主要以种子为食，但偶尔也会吃虫肉。一些蜗牛壳可能因为其形状像谷物而被带入巢穴。 [2]
收获蚁具有坚韧、光滑的几丁质外骨骼。行动缓慢，形成长长的携带种子的通道。收获蚁往往是单后制的，一个群落仅由一位蚁后建立，但在人为的环境下，收获蚁可以变成多后群落，但这往往会有择后（指蚁群选举蚁后，弱的蚁后将被处死）的风险。
以沙地收获蚁（Messor arenarius）为例，与其他类型的收割蚁一样，它们在寻找食物来源时会释放追踪信息素，并在个体层面上进行操作。 [3]
下属物种属物种
[编辑]该属包括一下物种：
- 阿氏收获蚁 Messor abdelazizi Santschi, 1921
- 针毛收获蚁 Messor aciculatus (Smith, 1874)
- 上海收获蚁 Messor aciculatus subsp. risianus
- 埃及收获蚁 Messor aegyptiacus (Emery, 1878)
- Messor alexandri Tohme, 1981
- Messor mediorubra
- Messor andrei (Mayr, 1886)
- 角收获蚁 Messor angularis Santschi, 1928 小肯尼亚收获蚁
- Messor antennatus Emery, 1908
- Messor aphaenogasteroides Pisarski, 1967
- Messor aralocaspius Ruzsky, 1902
- 沙地收获蚁 Messor arenarius (Fabricius, 1787)
- 沙地收获蚁阿氏亚种 Messor arenarius alfierii Santschi,1938
- 沙地收获蚁恶魔亚种 Messor arenarius subsp. diabolus Santschi,1938
- 沙地收获蚁底比斯亚种 Messor arenarius subsp. thebaicus Santschi,1912
- Messor atanassovii Atanassov, 1982
- 野蛮收获蚁 Messor barbarus (Linnaeus, 1767) 原生收获蚁、芭芭拉收获蚁
- 野蛮收获蚁五倍子亚种 Messor barbarus gallaoides Santschi, 1929
- 野蛮收获蚁光滑亚种 Messor barbarus politus Karavaiev, 1912
- 野蛮收获蚁血胸亚种 Messor barbarusmediosanguineus Donisthorpe, 1946
- Messor beduinus Emery, 1922
- Messor berbericus Bernard, 1955
- Messor bernardi Cagniant, 1967
- Messor bouvieri Bondroit, 1918
- Messor buettikeri Collingwood, 1985
- Messor caducus (Victor, 1839)
- 开普敦收获蚁 Messor capensis (Mayr, 1862)
- Messor plinii
- 大头收获蚁 Messor capitatus (Latreille, 1798)
- Messor carthaginensis Bernard, 1980
- Messor caviceps (Forel, 1902)
- Messor celiae Reyes, 1985
- 巨首收获蚁 Messor cephalotes (Emery, 1895) 肯尼亚收获蚁
- Messor ceresis Santschi, 1934
- Messor chamberlini Wheeler, 1915
- Messor clypeatus Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1927
- Messor muticus (Nylander, 1849)
- Messor collingwoodi Bolton, 1982
- Messor concolor Santschi, 1927
- Messor decipiens Santschi, 1917
- Messor dentatus Santschi, 1927
- Messor denticornis Forel, 1910
- Messor denticulatus Santschi, 1927
- Messor arcistriatus
- Messor diabarensis Arnol'di, 1969
- Messor ebeninus Santschi, 1927
- Messor hesperius Santschi, 1927
- 移动收获蚁 Messor excursionis Ruzsky, 1905
- Messor ferreri Collingwood, 1993
- Messor foreli Santschi, 1923
- Messor fraternus Ruzsky, 1905
- 没食子收获蚁 Messor galla (Mayr, 1904)
- Messor ebininus Santschi
- 希伯来收获蚁 Messor hebraeus Santschi, 1927
- Messor hellenius Agosti & Collingwood, 1987
- Messor himalayanus (Forel, 1902)
- Messor hispanicus Santschi, 1919
- Messor ibericus Santschi, 1931
- Messor incisus Stitz, 1923
- Messor incorruptus Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1929
- 无刺收获蚁 Messor inermis Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1929
- Messor instabilis (Smith, 1858)
- Messor intermedius Santschi, 1927
- Messor julianus (Pergande, 1894)
- Messor kasakorum Arnol'di, 1969
- 克孜勒库姆收获蚁 Messor kisilkumensis Arnol'di, 1969
- Messor lamellicornis Arnol'di, 1968
- Messor lariversi (Smith, 1951)
- Messor kazakorum Arnoldi, 1969
- Messor lobicornis Forel, 1894
- Messor lobognathus Andrews, 1916
- Messor luebberti Forel, 1910
- Messor luridus Santschi, 1927
- Messor eglalae Sharaf
- 葡萄牙收获蚁 Messor lusitanicus Tinaut, 1985
- Messor maculifrons Santschi, 1927
- Messor mcarthuri
- Messor marikovskii Arnol'di, 1969
- Messor marocanus Santschi, 1927
- Messor medioruber Santschi, 1910
- Messor melancholicus Arnol'di, 1977
- 小收获蚁 minor (Andre, 1883)
- 小收获蚁卡普里亚种 Messor minor capreensis Santschi, 1927
- 小收获蚁卡拉布里亚亚种 Messor minor calabricus Santschi, 1927
- 小收获蚁西方亚种 Messor minor hesperius Santschi, 1927
- 小收获蚁摩尔亚种 Messor minor maurus Barquin, 1981
- Messor turcmenochorassanicus Arnol'di, 1977
- Messor nahali Tohme, 1981
- Messor niloticus Santschi, 1938
- Messor oertzeni Forel, 1910
- Messor olegianus Arnol'di, 1969
- Messor orientalis (Emery, 1898)
- Messor perantennatus Arnol'di, 1969
- Messor pergandei (Mayr, 1886)
- Messor piceus Stitz, 1923
- 着色收获蚁 Messor picturatus Santschi, 1927
- Messor planiceps Stitz, 1917
- Messor postpetiolatus Santschi, 1917
- 王者收获蚁 Messor regalis (Emery, 1892)
- Messor reticuliventris Karavaiev, 1910
- Messor rufotestaceus (Foerster, 1850)
- Messor rufus Santschi, 1923
- 红结收获蚁 Messor ruginodis Stitz, 1916
- Messor rugosus (Andre, 1881)
- Messor sanctus Emery, 1921
- Messor aciculatus (Smith, 1874)
- Messor sculpturatus Carpenter, 1930
- Messor semirufus (Andre, 1883)
- Messor semoni (Forel, 1906)
- Messor smithi (Cole, 1963)
- Messor sordidus (Forel, 1892)
- Messor stoddardi (Emery, 1895)
- 条纹收获蚁 Messor striatellus Arnol'di, 1969
- Messor creticus Salata & Borowiec, 2019
- Messor striaticeps (Andre, 1883)
- Messor striatifrons Stitz, 1923
- Messor striativentris Emery, 1908
- 工匠收获蚁 Messor structor (Latreille, 1798)
- 亚细节收获蚁 Messor subgracilinodis Arnol'di, 1969
- Messor sultanus Santschi, 1917
- Messor syriacus Tohme, 1969
- Messor testaceus Donisthorpe, 1950
- Messor timidus (Espadaler, 1997)
- 热带收获蚁 Messor tropicorum Wheeler, 1922
- Messor turcmenochorassanicus Arnol'di, 1977
- 强壮收获蚁 Messor valentinae Arnol'di, 1969
- Messor variabilis Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1927
- Messor vaucheri Emery, 1908
- Messor vicinus Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1927
- 沃斯曼收获蚁 Messor wasmanni Krausse, 1910
- Messor minor x cf. wasmanni (Interspecific hybrid)
- Messor hismai Collingwood & Agosti, 1996
- Messor hodnii Barech, Khaldi, Espadaler & Cagniant, 2020
- Messor spec Santschi, 1927
- Messor erectus
参考文献
[编辑]- ^ Bolton, B. Messor. AntCat. 2015 [10 January 2015].
- ^ Páll-Gergely, Barna; Péter Sólymos. Ants as shell collectors: notes on land snail shells found around ant nests. Malacologica Bohemoslovaca. 2009, 8: 14–18. S2CID 58911371. doi:10.5817/MaB2009-8-14
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- ^ Segev, Udi; Yaron Ziv. Consequences of behavioral vs. numerical dominance on foraging activity of desert seed-eating ants. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 2012, 66 (4): 623–632. S2CID 18089283. doi:10.1007/s00265-011-1310-3.
