NGC 2346

NGC 2346
星云
	哈伯太空望远镜拍摄的NGC 2346
观测资料: J2000.0 epoch
赤经	07h 09m 22.52166s
赤纬	−00° 48′ 23.6112″
距离	4,760 ly（1,458 pc）光年
视星等 (V)	9.6
视尺度(V)	0.91′
星座	麒麟座
物理性质
半径	2 ly
名称	蝴蝶星云、虫子星云
	相关条目：星云列表

NGC 2346是位于麒麟座中，靠近天球赤道的一个行星状星云^[5]，在麒麟座δ的东南东方距离不到1度之处^[6]。它被非正式地称为蝴蝶星云^[3]。星云明亮而显眼，视星等为9.6^[3]，并已被广泛研究。它最显著的特征之一是其异常低温的中心恒星，这是一对光谱联星，以及它不寻常的形状。

这个星云呈现双极性，气体流出速度适中，在8〜11km/s的范围内，而中心则由膨胀的分子气体环包围。星云的电子密度约为每立方厘米400。星云的电离是来自联星伴星的紫外线发射的结果^[7]。更强的红外辐射来自以7004160000000000000♠16 km/s膨胀的分子带辐射。星云中分子气体的质量估计在0.34〜7030367881750000000♠1.85 M_☉的范围内，并且远大于电离气体的质量^[8]。

中心恒星是由一颗A型次巨星和O型次矮星恒星组成的联星^[9]。该系统的轨道周期为7001160000000000000♠16.00±0.03天^[2]，也是变光周期^[10]，可能是由于它周围的轨道上有尘埃。尘埃本身被中心恒星加热，因此NGC 2346在光谱的红外部分异常明亮。当两颗恒星中的一颗演化成红巨星时，它吞没了它的伴星，并从自身的大气层中剥离了一圈物质。当红巨星的核心暴露时，一股快速的恒星风从环的两侧膨胀成两个"气泡"。.

图集

参考资料

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Brown, A. G. A.; Vallenari, A.; Prusti, T.; de Bruijne, J. H. J.; et al. Gaia Data Release 2. Summary of the contents and survey properties. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2018. Bibcode:2018A&A...616A...1G. arXiv:1804.09365 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833051. VizieR中此天体在盖亚望远镜第二批数据发布的记录
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 Brown, Alex J.; Jones, David; Boffin, Henri M. J.; Van Winckel, Hans. On the post-common-envelope central star of the planetary nebula NGC 2346. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. February 2019, 482 (4): 4951–4955. Bibcode:2019MNRAS.482.4951B. arXiv:1810.09764 . doi:10.1093/mnras/sty2986.
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 Jenkins, D. A. First Light and Beyond: Making a Success of Astronomical Observing. Springer International Publishing. July 28, 2015: 216. ISBN 9783319188515.
^ Stanghellini, Letizia; et al. The Magellanic Cloud Calibration of the Galactic Planetary Nebula Distance Scale. The Astrophysical Journal. December 10, 2008, 689 (1): 194–202. Bibcode:2008ApJ...689..194S. arXiv:0807.1129 . doi:10.1086/592395.
^ NGC 2346: A Butterfly-Shaped Planetary Nebula. Astronomy Picture of the Day. October 28, 2001 [2020-08-28]. （原始内容存档于2010-06-29）.
^ Sinnott, Roger W.; Perryman, Michael A. C. Millennium Star Atlas 1. Sky Publishing Corporation and the European Space Agency. 1997: 249. ISBN 0-933346-84-0.
^ Phillips, J. P.; Cuesta, L. Extinction Mapping of the Bipolar Outflow NGC 2346. The Astronomical Journal. January 2000, 119 (1): 335–341. Bibcode:2000AJ....119..335P. doi:10.1086/301170 .
^ Arias, L.; et al. Kinematics of the Molecular Hydrogen from the Planetary Nebula NGC 2346. The Astronomical Journal. December 2001, 122 (6): 3293–3304. Bibcode:2001AJ....122.3293A. doi:10.1086/324446 .
^ González-Santamaría, I.; Manteiga, M.; Manchado, A.; Ulla, A.; Dafonte, C.; López Varela, P. Planetary nebulae in Gaia EDR3: Central star identification, properties, and binarity. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2021, 656: A51. Bibcode:2021A&A...656A..51G. S2CID 237940344. arXiv:2109.12114 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202141916.
^ Samus', N. N; Kazarovets, E. V; Durlevich, O. V; Kireeva, N. N; Pastukhova, E. N. General catalogue of variable stars. Astronomy Reports. 5.1. 2017, 61 (1): 80. Bibcode:2017ARep...61...80S. doi:10.1134/S1063772917010085.

外部链接

维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源：NGC 2346
每日一天文图（成大物理分站）: NGC 2346

[GaiaDR2-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Brown, A. G. A.; Vallenari, A.; Prusti, T.; de Bruijne, J. H. J.; et al. Gaia Data Release 2. Summary of the contents and survey properties. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2018. Bibcode:2018A&A...616A...1G. arXiv:1804.09365 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833051. VizieR中此天体在盖亚望远镜第二批数据发布的记录

[Brown2019-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Brown, Alex J.; Jones, David; Boffin, Henri M. J.; Van Winckel, Hans. On the post-common-envelope central star of the planetary nebula NGC 2346. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. February 2019, 482 (4): 4951–4955. Bibcode:2019MNRAS.482.4951B. arXiv:1810.09764 . doi:10.1093/mnras/sty2986.

[Jenkins2015-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 Jenkins, D. A. First Light and Beyond: Making a Success of Astronomical Observing. Springer International Publishing. July 28, 2015: 216. ISBN 9783319188515.

[Stanghellini2008-4] Stanghellini, Letizia; et al. The Magellanic Cloud Calibration of the Galactic Planetary Nebula Distance Scale. The Astrophysical Journal. December 10, 2008, 689 (1): 194–202. Bibcode:2008ApJ...689..194S. arXiv:0807.1129 . doi:10.1086/592395.

[APOD2001-5] NGC 2346: A Butterfly-Shaped Planetary Nebula. Astronomy Picture of the Day. October 28, 2001 [2020-08-28]. （原始内容存档于2010-06-29）.

[Sinnott1997-6] Sinnott, Roger W.; Perryman, Michael A. C. Millennium Star Atlas 1. Sky Publishing Corporation and the European Space Agency. 1997: 249. ISBN 0-933346-84-0.

[Phillips2000-7] Phillips, J. P.; Cuesta, L. Extinction Mapping of the Bipolar Outflow NGC 2346. The Astronomical Journal. January 2000, 119 (1): 335–341. Bibcode:2000AJ....119..335P. doi:10.1086/301170 .

[Arias2001-8] Arias, L.; et al. Kinematics of the Molecular Hydrogen from the Planetary Nebula NGC 2346. The Astronomical Journal. December 2001, 122 (6): 3293–3304. Bibcode:2001AJ....122.3293A. doi:10.1086/324446 .

[9] González-Santamaría, I.; Manteiga, M.; Manchado, A.; Ulla, A.; Dafonte, C.; López Varela, P. Planetary nebulae in Gaia EDR3: Central star identification, properties, and binarity. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2021, 656: A51. Bibcode:2021A&A...656A..51G. S2CID 237940344. arXiv:2109.12114 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202141916.

[gcvs-10] Samus', N. N; Kazarovets, E. V; Durlevich, O. V; Kireeva, N. N; Pastukhova, E. N. General catalogue of variable stars. Astronomy Reports. 5.1. 2017, 61 (1): 80. Bibcode:2017ARep...61...80S. doi:10.1134/S1063772917010085.

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