1873年恐慌
（重定向自1873年经济恐慌）
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1873年恐慌（英语：Panic of 1873）是出发了1873年至1877年或1879年欧洲和北美经济萧条的金融危机，即长萧条。恐慌最初来自奥匈帝国维也纳，后扩散至欧美地区。
各地状况
[编辑]英属印度
[编辑]在美国和几个欧洲殖民地发现大量白银引起了1873年恐慌，从而导致白银对黄金的价值下降，使印度的标准货币贬值。该事件被称为“卢比贬值”。
开普殖民地
[编辑]在开普殖民地，恐慌导致破产、失业率上升、公共工程暂停，以及一直持续到 1886 年发现黄金的重大贸易衰退。[1]
奥斯曼帝国
[编辑]奥斯曼帝国的经济也受到了影响。对外贸易增长率下降，对外贸易条件恶化，小麦价格下跌影响了农民生产者，欧洲对奥斯曼财政的控制导致了海外巨额债务支付。长期萧条时期农业和总产的增长率也低于后期。[2]
拉丁货币同盟
[编辑]白银的普遍非货币化和贬值导致拉丁货币同盟在1873年暂停将白银转换为硬币。[来源请求]
参考
[编辑]- ^ Keith Tankard, "The Effects of the 'great depression' of the Late 19th Century on East London 1873-1887." South African Journal of Economic History (1991) 6#2 pp. 72-88.
- ^ Pamuk, Sevket. The Ottoman Empire in the 'Great Depression' of 1873–1896. Journal of Economic History. 1984, 44 (1): 107–118. S2CID 154752536. doi:10.1017/S0022050700031399.
来源
[编辑]- Barreyre, Nicolas. The Politics of Economic Crises: The Panic of 1873, the End of Reconstruction, and the Realignment of American Politics. Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era. 2011, 10 (4): 403–423. S2CID 154493223. doi:10.1017/S1537781411000260.
- Davies, Hannah Catherine. "'Mingled in an almost inextricable confusion': the panics of 1873 and the experience of globalization." Journal of Global History 15.2 (2020): 291–309.
- Davies, Hannah Catherine. Transatlantic Speculations: Globalization and the Panics of 1873 (Columbia UP, 2018) online review （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
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- Moseley, Fred. Depression of 1873–1879. Glasner, David; Cooley, Thomas F. (编). Business Cycles and Depressions: An Encyclopedia. 1997: 148–149. ISBN 0-8240-0944-4.
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- Wicker, Elmus. Banking panics of the gilded age (Cambridge University Press, 2006) contents
年鉴
[编辑]- Appleton's Annual Cyclopedia...for 1873 (1879)载于Google图书
- Appleton's Annual Cyclopedia...for 1875 (1877)载于Google图书
- Appleton's Annual Cyclopedia...for 1876 (1885)载于Google图书
- Appleton's Annual Cyclopedia...for 1877 (1878)载于Google图书
