鳐科

鳐科; 化石时期：晚白垩世至今 PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
	北极钝头鳐 Amblyraja hyperborea
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	脊索动物门 Chordata
纲：	软骨鱼纲 Chondrichthyes
目：	鳐目 Rajiformes
科：	鳐科 Rajidae; Bonaparte, 1831
属
	见内文。

鳐科（学名：Rajidae、英语：Skates）是鳐形目的典型科，本科鱼身体扁平，胸鳍宽大，腹鳍有一个明显的缺刻，几乎将腹鳍分为两叶，两个背鳍非常小，紧靠尾部，尾细小，通常无尾鳍，如有也没有鳍条支持。

鳐科鱼生活在海底，以甲壳类动物和小鱼为食，是一种经济鱼类，但根据绿色和平，本科有数种鱼类遭受过度捕捞的危险。

鳐通常长有扁平的身体，眼睛长在头部上方，便于观测水面上的变化；嘴和鳃裂长在身体正方，便于取食海底的带壳动物。有些鳐鱼长有特别宽大的胸鳍，能像飞机一样在水面上滑行。鳐鱼的鼻子下侧长有电子感应系统。这种系统连接着鳐鱼的感觉神经细胞。多数水生动物在游动时都会产生电子信号，鳐鱼就用自身的电子感应系统搜索食物的信号，并进行捕猎。鳐为卵生软骨鱼类。

分类

鳐科下分17个属，如下^[2]：

钝头鳐属 Amblyraja

Amblyraja badia (Garman, 1899)
Amblyraja doellojuradoi (Pozzi, 1935)
Amblyraja frerichsi (G. Krefft, 1968)
Amblyraja georgiana (Norman, 1938)
北极钝头鳐 Amblyraja hyperborea (Collett, 1879)：又称北极钝头𫚉
Amblyraja jenseni (Bigelow & Schroeder, 1950)
钝头鳐 Amblyraja radiata (Donovan, 1808)：又称钝头𫚉
Amblyraja reversa (Lloyd, 1906)
Amblyraja robertsi (Hulley, 1970)
Amblyraja taaf (E. E. Meisner, 1987)

白令鳐属 Beringraja

双斑鳐 Beringraja binoculata (Girard, 1855)
科特鳐 Beringraja cortezensis (McEachran & Miyake, 1988)
北美鳐 Beringraja inornata (D. S. Jordan & C. H. Gilbert, 1881)
长吻鳐 Beringraja rhina (Jordan and Gilbert, 1880)
美鳐 Beringraja pulchra (Liu, 1932)
小星鳐 Beringraja stellulata Jordan & Gilbert, 1880

短鳐属 Breviraja

耀斑短鳐 Breviraja claramaculata McEachran & Matheson, 1985
科氏短鳐 Breviraja colesi Bigelow & Schroeder, 1948
Breviraja marklei McEachran & Miyake, 1987
莫氏短鳐 Breviraja mouldi McEachran & Matheson, 1995
Breviraja nigriventralis McEachran & Matheson, 1985
小棘短鳐 Breviraja spinosa Bigelow & Schroeder, 1950

指鳐属 Dactylobatus

指鳐 Dactylobatus armatus B. A. Bean & A. C. Weed, 1909
克氏指鳐 Dactylobatus clarkii (Bigelow & Schroeder, 1958)

齿鳐属（英语：Dentiraja） Dentiraja

Dentiraja australis (Macleay, 1884)
Dentiraja cerva (Whitley, 1939)
Dentiraja confusa (Last, 2008)
Dentiraja endeavouri (Last, 2008)
Dentiraja falloarga (Last, 2008)
Dentiraja flindersi Last & Gledhill, 2008
Dentiraja healdi (Last, W. T. White & Pogonoski, 2008)
Dentiraja lemprieri (Richardson, 1845)
Dentiraja oculus (Last, 2008)
Dentiraja polyommata (Ogilby, 1910)

长吻鳐属（Dipturus）

Dipturus acrobelus Last, W. T. White & Pogonoski, 2008
Dipturus amphispinus Last & Alava, 2013^[3]
Dipturus apricus Last, W. T. White & Pogonoski, 2008
Dipturus batis (Linnaeus, 1758)
Dipturus bullisi (Bigelow & Schroeder, 1962)
Dipturus campbelli (J. H. Wallace, 1967)
Dipturus canutus Last, 2008
Dipturus chinensis (Basilewsky, 1855)
Dipturus crosnieri (Séret, 1989)
Dipturus doutrei (Cadenat, 1960)
Dipturus ecuadoriensis (Beebe & Tee-Van, 1941)
Dipturus flavirostris (Philippi {Krumweide}, 1892)
Dipturus garricki (Bigelow & Schroeder, 1958)
巨鳐 Dipturus gigas (Ishiyama, 1958)
Dipturus grahami Last, 2008
Dipturus gudgeri (Whitley, 1940)
Dipturus innominatus (Garrick & Paul, 1974)
Dipturus intermedius (Parnell, 1837)
Dipturus johannisdavisi (Alcock, 1899)
广东鳐 Dipturus kwangtungensis (Y. T. Chu, 1960)：又称广东老板𫚙。
Dipturus laevis (Mitchill, 1818)
Dipturus lamillai (Concha, Caira, Ebert & Pompert, 2019)^[4]
尖嘴鳐 Dipturus lanceorostratus (J. H. Wallace, 1967)
Dipturus leptocauda (G. Krefft & Stehmann, 1975)
大尾鳐 Dipturus macrocauda (Ishiyama, 1955)：又称大尾老板𫚙。
Dipturus melanospilus Last, W. T. White & Pogonoski, 2008
Dipturus mennii U. L. Gomes & Paragó, 2001
Dipturus nidarosiensis (Storm, 1881)
Dipturus olseni (Bigelow & Schroeder, 1951)
Dipturus oregoni (Bigelow & Schroeder, 1958)
Dipturus oxyrinchus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Dipturus pullopunctatus (J. L. B. Smith, 1964)
Dipturus queenslandicus Last, W. T. White & Pogonoski, 2008
Dipturus springeri (J. H. Wallace, 1967)
Dipturus stenorhynchus (J. H. Wallace, 1967)
Dipturus teevani (Bigelow & Schroeder, 1951)
长鼻鳐 Dipturus tengu (D. S. Jordan & Fowler, 1903)：又称天狗老板𫚙。
Dipturus trachyderma (G. Krefft & Stehmann, 1975)
Dipturus wengi Séret & Last, 2008
Dipturus wuhanlingi Jeong & Nakabo, 2008

朝鲜鳐属（英语：Korean skate） Hongeo

朝鲜鳐 Hongeo koreana (Jeong & Nakabo, 1997)

鳐属 Raja

星斑鳐 Raja asterias Delaroche, 1809
短尾鳐 Raja brachyura Lafont, 1873
背棘鳐 Raja clavata Linnaeus, 1758
晶吻鳐 Raja eglanteria L. A. G. Bosc, 1800
赫氏鳐 Raja herwigi G. Krefft, 1965
大吻鳐 Raja maderensis R. T. Lowe, 1838
Raja mauritaniensis White & Fricke, 2021
小睛斑鳐 Raja microocellata Montagu, 1818
镜鳐 Raja miraletus Linnaeus, 1758
蒙鳐 Raja montagui Fowler, 1910
Raja ocellifera Regan, 1906
Raja parva Last & Séret, 2016
Raja pita Fricke & Al-Hassan, 1995
Raja polystigma Regan, 1923
粗背鳐 Raja radula Delaroche, 1809
斯氏鳐 Raja straeleni Poll, 1951
波鳐 Raja undulata Lacépède, 1802

细鳐属 Rajella

Rajella annandalei M. C. W. Weber, 1913
Rajella barnardi Norman, 1935
Rajella bathyphila Holt & Byrne, 1908
Rajella bigelowi Stehmann, 1978
Rajella caudaspinosa von Bonde & Swart, 1923
Rajella challengeri Last & Stehmann, 2008
Rajella dissimilis Hulley, 1970
Rajella eisenhardti Long & McCosker, 1999
Rajella fuliginea Bigelow & Schroeder, 1954
细鳐 Rajella fyllae Lütken, 1887
Rajella kukujevi Dolganov, 1985
Rajella leopardus von Bonde & Swart, 1923
Rajella lintea Fries, 1838
Rajella nigerrima F. de Buen, 1960
Rajella paucispinosa Weigmann, Stehmann & Thiel, 2014^[6]
Rajella purpuriventralis Bigelow & Schroeder, 1962
Rajella ravidula Hulley, 1970
Rajella sadowskii G. Krefft & Stehmann, 1974

吻鳐属 Rostroraja

Rostroraja ackleyi (Garman, 1881)
Rostroraja alba (Lacépède, 1803)
Rostroraja bahamensis (Bigelow & Schroeder, 1965)
Rostroraja cervigoni (Bigelow & Schroeder, 1964)
Rostroraja eglanteria (L. A. G. Bosc, 1800)
Rostroraja equatorialis (D. S. Jordan & Bollman, 1890)
Rostroraja texana (A. C. Chandler, 1921)
Rostroraja velezi (Chirichigno F., 1973)

Spiniraja（英语：Spiniraja）

Spiniraja whitleyi (Iredale, 1938)

谷鳐属（英语：Zearaja） Zearaja

Zearaja argentinensis (Díaz de Astarloa, Mabragaña, Hanner & Figueroa, 2008)
Zearaja chilensis (Guichenot, 1848)
Zearaja maugeana (Last & Gledhill, 2007)
Zearaja nasuta (J. P. Müller & Henle, 1841)

参考文献

^ Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds.) (2009). Rajidae. FishBase. Version 2009-01.
^ LAST, P.R. & SÉRET, B. & STEHMANN, M.F.W. & WEIGMANN, S. (2016) Skates, Family Rajidae. In: Last, P.R., White, W.T., Carvalho, M.R. de, Séret, B., Stehmann, M.F.W & Naylor, G.J.P (Eds.) Rays of the World. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne: 204–363
^ Last, P.R. & Alava, M. (2013): Dipturus amphispinus sp. nov., a new longsnout skate (Rajoidei: Rajidae) from the Philippines. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Pp. 214-227 in: de Carvalho, M.R., Ebert, D.A., Ho, H.-C. & White, W.T. (eds.) : Systematics and biodiversity of sharks, rays, and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of Taiwan. Zootaxa, 3752 (1): 1–386.
^ Francisco Concha; Janine Caira; David Ebert; Joost Pompert. Redescription and taxonomic status of Dipturus chilensis (Guichenot, 1848), and description of Dipturus lamillai sp. nov. (Rajiformes: Rajidae), a new species of long-snout skate from the Falkland Islands. Zootaxa. 1 May 2019, 4590 (5): 501–524 [19 March 2020]. （原始内容存档于2020-03-19）.
^ ^5.0 ^5.1 Weigmann, S., Stehmann, M.F.W. & Thiel, R. (2015): Okamejei ornata n. sp., a new deep-water skate (Elasmobranchii, Rajidae) from the northwestern Indian Ocean off Socotra Islands. Deep-Sea Research Part II, 115: 18-29.
^ Weigmann, S.; Stehmann, M.F.W. & Thiel, R. Rajella paucispinosa n. sp., a new deep-water skate (Elasmobranchii, Rajidae) from the western Indian Ocean off South Mozambique, and a revised generic diagnosis (PDF). Zootaxa. 2014, 3847 (3): 359–387 [2023-09-10]. PMID 25112345. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3847.3.3. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2023-08-02）.

外部链接

ARKive – images and movies of the common skate (Dipturus batis)
Kliman, Todd. "Skate Goes From Trash Fish to Treasure （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）", Washingtonian, May 1, 2006.

[FB-1] Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds.) (2009). Rajidae. FishBase. Version 2009-01.

[Last2016-2] LAST, P.R. & SÉRET, B. & STEHMANN, M.F.W. & WEIGMANN, S. (2016) Skates, Family Rajidae. In: Last, P.R., White, W.T., Carvalho, M.R. de, Séret, B., Stehmann, M.F.W & Naylor, G.J.P (Eds.) Rays of the World. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne: 204–363

[Last2013-3] Last, P.R. & Alava, M. (2013): Dipturus amphispinus sp. nov., a new longsnout skate (Rajoidei: Rajidae) from the Philippines. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Pp. 214-227 in: de Carvalho, M.R., Ebert, D.A., Ho, H.-C. & White, W.T. (eds.) : Systematics and biodiversity of sharks, rays, and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of Taiwan. Zootaxa, 3752 (1): 1–386.

[4] Francisco Concha; Janine Caira; David Ebert; Joost Pompert. Redescription and taxonomic status of Dipturus chilensis (Guichenot, 1848), and description of Dipturus lamillai sp. nov. (Rajiformes: Rajidae), a new species of long-snout skate from the Falkland Islands. Zootaxa. 1 May 2019, 4590 (5): 501–524 [19 March 2020]. （原始内容存档于2020-03-19）.

[Weigmann2015-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Weigmann, S., Stehmann, M.F.W. & Thiel, R. (2015): Okamejei ornata n. sp., a new deep-water skate (Elasmobranchii, Rajidae) from the northwestern Indian Ocean off Socotra Islands. Deep-Sea Research Part II, 115: 18-29.

[Weigmann2014-6] Weigmann, S.; Stehmann, M.F.W. & Thiel, R. Rajella paucispinosa n. sp., a new deep-water skate (Elasmobranchii, Rajidae) from the western Indian Ocean off South Mozambique, and a revised generic diagnosis (PDF). Zootaxa. 2014, 3847 (3): 359–387 [2023-09-10]. PMID 25112345. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3847.3.3. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2023-08-02）.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

分类