裂螺科

裂螺科; 化石时期：Triassic至Recent PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
	一组Diodora cayenensis的螺壳
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	软体动物门 Mollusca
纲：	腹足纲 Gastropoda
目：	深海白笠目 Lepetellida
总科：	裂螺总科 Fissurelloidea; Fleming（英语：John Fleming (naturalist)）, 1822
科：	裂螺科 Fissurellidae; Fleming, 1822
模式属
	Diodora J. E. Gray, 1821;
属
	见内文

裂螺总科（学名：Fissurelloidea，亦作裂裙螺总科或透孔螺总科），其下只有裂螺科（学名：Fissurellidae Fleming, 1822^[2]，亦作裂裙螺科、钥孔䗩科^[3]^[4]^[5]^:18或透孔螺科^[6]），是古腹足类支序之下的一个海洋腹足纲软体动物的科^[7]^[8]。本总科的物种因其锥状螺壳的螺尖上有一个小孔，是海螺的一个特化体。由于整个螺壳的外形就像一条裂开了一条缝的裙摆那样，所以被称为裂裙螺。

根据2005年《布歇特和洛克罗伊的腹足类分类》基本上包括了各种笠螺，覆盖了原来原始腹足目的大多数物种。

分布

本科物种的分布是世界性的，从冰冷的寒带到热带都有其物种存在^[9]。

习性

本科物种一般居住在潮间带下部深水区的岩面或岩底^[9]。

分类

本科的属一般可以按四个不同的亚科来分类，分别如下^[10]^[7]：

天盖螺亚科 Diodorinae Odhner, 1932
- Cosmetalepas Iredale, 1924
- 天盖螺属 Diodora J. E. Gray, 1821^[11]
- Lucapina G. B. Sowerby I^[12], 1835：分布于西非大西洋东岸的佛德角
- Megathura Pilsbry, 1890
- Monodilepas Finlay, 1927
边罅螺亚科 Emarginulinae
- Genus Clypidina Gray, 1847
- 边罅螺属 Emarginula Lamarck, 1801：又名鳞䗩属^[11]
- Genus Fissurisepta Sequenza, 1863
- Genus Laeviemarginula Habe In Kuroda, 1953
- Genus Nesta H. Adams, 1870
- Genus Notomella Cotton, 1957
- 天窗䗩属 Puncturella R. T. Lowe, 1827^[13]^:23
- Genus Scutus Montfort, 1810
- 土加䗩属 Tugali Gray In Dieffenbach, 1843^[13]^:23
- Genus Zeidora A. Adams, 1860
Subfamily Fissurellidinae
Subfamily Fissurellinae

但由于现时基于分子分类学的文献不断更新，现时普遍不区分亚科现详列全部的属。以下为现时属于本科的属^[14]^[10]^[15]^[16]：

Altrix Palmer, 1942
Amblychilepas Pilsbry, 1890
Buchanania Lesson, 1830
Clathrosepta McLean & Geiger, 1998
Clypidina Gray, 1847
Cornisepta McLean & Geiger, 1998

Dendrofissurella Mclean and Kilburn, 1986
- 平伞裂裙螺（Diodora cf. mus (Reeve)）
榖米螺属 Dentimargo^[15]
边罅螺属 Emarginula Lamarck, 1801
Fissurella Bruguière, 1789
Fissurellidea d'Orbigny, 1841
Fissurisepta Seguenza, 1863
Hemimarginula McLean, 2011
Hemitoma Swainson, 1840
Laeviemarginula Habe In Kuroda, 1953
Laevinesta Pilsbry and McGinty, 1952
Leurolepas J. H. McLean, 1970
Lucapinella Pilsbry, 1890
Macroschisma Sowerby, 1839
Manganesepta McLean & Geiger, 1998
Medusafissurella Mclean and Kilburn, 1986
Montfortia Récluz, 1843
凸螺属 Montfortista Iredale, 1929
Montfortula Iredale, 1915
Montfortulana Habe, 1961
Nesta Adams, 1870
Octomarginula McLean, 2011
Parmaphorella Strebel, 1907
Profundisepta McLean & Geiger, 1998
天窗䗩属 Puncturella R. T. Lowe, 1827^[13]^:23
Pupillaea Gray In Sowerby, 1835
Rimula DeFrance, 1827
Scelidotoma Choe, Yoon and Habe, 1992
笠罅螺属 Scutus Montfort, 1810
Stromboli Berry, 1954
土加䗩属 Tugali Gray In Dieffenbach, 1843^[13]^:23
Tugalina Habe, 1953
Variemarginula McLean, 2011
Zeidora A. Adams, 1860

异名：

Austroglyphis Cotton & Godfrey, 1934: synonym of Diodora J. E. Gray, 1821
Aviscutum Iredale, 1940: synonym of Scutus Montfort, 1810
Capiluna Gray, 1857: synonym of Diodora J. E. Gray, 1821
孔螺属 Cranopsis A. Adams, 1860：今作天窗䗩属 Puncturella R. T. Lowe, 1827
Cemoria Risso, 1826 [ex Leach MS]: synonym of Puncturella Lowe, 1827
Cremoria [Gray, 1842]: synonym of Puncturella Lowe, 1827
Elegidion Iredale, 1924: synonym of Diodora J. E. Gray, 1821
边罅螺属 Emarginella Pilsbry, 1890^[15]: synonym of Emarginula Lamarck, 1801
Entomella Cotton, 1945: synonym of Emarginula Lamarck, 1801
Fissuridea Swainson, 1840: synonym of Diodora J. E. Gray, 1821
Glyphis Carpenter, 1857: synonym of Diodora J. E. Gray, 1821
Legrandia Beddome, 1883: synonym of Zeidora A. Adams, 1860
Megatebennus Pilsbry, 1890: synonym of Fissurellidea d'Orbigny, 1839
Nannoscutum Iredale, 1937: synonym of Scutus Montfort, 1810
Nesta H. Adams, 1870: synonym of Zeidora A. Adams, 1860
Notomella Cotton, 1957: synonym of Emarginula Lamarck, 1801
Parmophoridea Wenz, 1938: synonym of Parmaphorella Strebel, 1907
Parmophorus Blainville, 1817: synonym of Scutus Montfort, 1810
Plagiorhytis P. Fischer, 1885: synonym of Montfortula Iredale, 1915
Scutum P. Fischer, 1885: synonym of Scutus Montfort, 1810
Semperia Crosse, 1867: synonym of Emarginula Lamarck, 1801
Sipho T. Brown, 1827: synonym of Puncturella Lowe, 1827
Siphonella Issel, 1869: synonym of Montfortista Iredale, 1929
Subemarginula Gray, 1847: synonym of Hemitoma Swainson, 1840
Subzeidora Iredale, 1924: synonym of Emarginula (Subzeidora) Iredale, 1924
Tugalia Gray, 1857: synonym of Tugali Gray, 1843
Vacerra Iredale, 1924: synonym of Puncturella Lowe, 1827
Zidora P. Fischer, 1885: synonym of Zeidora A. Adams, 1860

参考文献

^ Lindberg, edited by Winston F. Ponder, David R. Phylogeny and evolution of the Mollusca. Berkeley: University of California Press. 2008. ISBN 978-0-520-25092-5.
^ Fissurelloidea. ITIS.
^ 潘华璋; 蓝琇. 西沙群岛软体动物 (PDF). 古生物学报. 1998年, 37 (1): 122 [2017-12-23]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2017-12-24）（中文（简体））.
^ 吕端华. 中國近海鑰孔䗩科的初步研究. 《中國貝類學會貝類學論文集》 1: 208–209. 1983.
^ 齐锺彦等 (编). 黃渤海的軟體動物. 农业出版社. 1989: 18 （中文（简体））.
^ 国际贝库：钥孔透孔螺. 台湾贝类资料库. [2009-08-11]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-04）（中文（繁体））.
^ ^7.0 ^7.1 Rosenberg, Gary. Fissurellidae Fleming, 1822. WoRMS. 2010-10-03 [2017-03-03].
^ Bouchet, P.; Rocroi, J.-P.; Frýda, J.; Hausdorf, B.; Ponder, W.; Valdés, Á. & Warén, A. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia (Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks). 2005, 47 (1–2): 1–397. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. OCLC 61351079. OL 42989175M. S2CID 83847814.
^ ^9.0 ^9.1 Powell A. W. B., New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979 ISBN 0-00-216906-1
^ ^10.0 ^10.1 Fissurellidae Fleming, 1822. ITIS.
^ ^11.0 ^11.1 施乃普. 綠島小形貝殼. 中国贝志 (中华民国贝类学会). 1975, 2: 33–46 [2018-08-28] （中文（繁体））.
^ Bouchet, Philippe; Gofas, Serge; Rosenberg, Gary; Mussai, Prakash. Lucapina G. B. Sowerby I, 1835. WoRMS. 2011-11-05 [2017-03-03].
^ ^13.0 ^13.1 ^13.2 ^13.3 张素萍等. 黄渤海软体动物图志. 2016-02 [2020-04-07]. ISBN 9787030471406. （原始内容存档于2022-03-20）（中文（简体））.
^ Fissurellidae (Keyhole Limpets). [2017-01-17]. （原始内容存档于2010-03-27）.
^ ^15.0 ^15.1 ^15.2 Fissurellidae 裂螺科. TaiBIF. [2017-03-02]. （原始内容存档于2019-08-27）（中文（繁体））.
^ Suzanne T. Williams. Advances in molecular systematics of the vetigastropod superfamily Trochoidea. Zoologica Scripta. 2012-11-01, 41 (6): 571–595 [2018-04-02]. ISSN 1463-6409. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2012.00552.x （英语）.

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延伸阅读

Sowerby, G.B. Jr. (1862). Monograph of the family Fissurellidae. Reprinted edition (1982). Thesaurus conchyliorum, or monographs of genera of shells. Luis Pisani Burnay: Lisboa, Portugal. 183-206, 9 col. Plates pp.

外部链接

Archerd Shell Collection : Fissurellidae
Murdock, Gordon R.; Steven Vogel. Hydrodynamic induction of water flow through a keyhole limpet (gastropoda, fissurellidae). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A. 1978, 61 (2): 227–231 [2010-06-22]. doi:10.1016/0300-9629(78)90102-0.
McLean, James H.; R.N. Kilburn. Propodial elaboration in Southern African and Indian Ocean Fissurellidae (Mollusca, Prosobranchia) with description of two new genera and one new species (PDF). Contributions in Science. September 1986, 379 [2010-07-19]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2010-07-21）.
Aktipis S.W., Boehm E. & Giribet G. (2011) Another step towards understanding the slit-limpets (Fissurellidae, Fissurelloidea, Vetigastropoda, Gastropoda): a combined five-gene molecular phylogeny. Zoologica Scripta 40: 238-259.

[Pond&Lind2008-1] Lindberg, edited by Winston F. Ponder, David R. Phylogeny and evolution of the Mollusca. Berkeley: University of California Press. 2008. ISBN 978-0-520-25092-5.

[ITIS_331047-2] Fissurelloidea. ITIS.

[Pan_1998-3] 潘华璋; 蓝琇. 西沙群岛软体动物 (PDF). 古生物学报. 1998年, 37 (1): 122 [2017-12-23]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2017-12-24）（中文（简体））.

[shelldoc_420090220032_04-4] 吕端华. 中國近海鑰孔䗩科的初步研究. 《中國貝類學會貝類學論文集》 1: 208–209. 1983.

[shelldoc_420090220138-5] 齐锺彦等 (编). 黃渤海的軟體動物. 农业出版社. 1989: 18 （中文（简体））.

[shell_3375-6] 国际贝库：钥孔透孔螺. 台湾贝类资料库. [2009-08-11]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-04）（中文（繁体））.

[WoRMS_111-7] 7.0 ^7.1 Rosenberg, Gary. Fissurellidae Fleming, 1822. WoRMS. 2010-10-03 [2017-03-03].

[Bouchet_2005-8] Bouchet, P.; Rocroi, J.-P.; Frýda, J.; Hausdorf, B.; Ponder, W.; Valdés, Á. & Warén, A. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia (Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks). 2005, 47 (1–2): 1–397. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. OCLC 61351079. OL 42989175M. S2CID 83847814.

[Powell-9] 9.0 ^9.1 Powell A. W. B., New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979 ISBN 0-00-216906-1

[ITIS_69510-10] 10.0 ^10.1 Fissurellidae Fleming, 1822. ITIS.

[shelldoc_000027-11] 11.0 ^11.1 施乃普. 綠島小形貝殼. 中国贝志 (中华民国贝类学会). 1975, 2: 33–46 [2018-08-28] （中文（繁体））.

[WoRMS_224321-12] Bouchet, Philippe; Gofas, Serge; Rosenberg, Gary; Mussai, Prakash. Lucapina G. B. Sowerby I, 1835. WoRMS. 2011-11-05 [2017-03-03].

[Zhang_2016-13] 13.0 ^13.1 ^13.2 ^13.3 张素萍等. 黄渤海软体动物图志. 2016-02 [2020-04-07]. ISBN 9787030471406. （原始内容存档于2022-03-20）（中文（简体））.

[14] Fissurellidae (Keyhole Limpets). [2017-01-17]. （原始内容存档于2010-03-27）.

[TaiBIF-15] 15.0 ^15.1 ^15.2 Fissurellidae 裂螺科. TaiBIF. [2017-03-02]. （原始内容存档于2019-08-27）（中文（繁体））.

[doi-16] Suzanne T. Williams. Advances in molecular systematics of the vetigastropod superfamily Trochoidea. Zoologica Scripta. 2012-11-01, 41 (6): 571–595 [2018-04-02]. ISSN 1463-6409. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2012.00552.x （英语）.

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