细胞外RNA
细胞外RNA（Extracellular RNA，简称exRNA）又称胞外RNA，泛指位于细胞外的RNA，包括环境中的RNA，以及多细胞生物组织间或体液（消化液、毒液、血液、尿液、精液、尿液等）中的RNA[1][2][3][4][5][6]，已知原核生物与真核生物皆可释放RNA到细胞外。胞外RNA的具体功能仍不清楚，但可能与个体或细胞间的讯息传递有关[7][8]。
细胞外RNA通常位于外排体等细胞外囊泡中，或是与蛋白质结合，以避免被核糖核酸酶降解。mRNA、tRNA、miRNA、siRNA与lnRNA皆有在细胞外被发现，而rRNA虽为细胞中最多的RNA，但很少出现在细胞外[9][10]。有些胞外RNA可作为癌症、糖尿病、关节炎或普利昂疾病的生物标记[11][12]。美国国家卫生院发起了细胞外RNA通讯联盟（Extracellular RNA Communication Consortium，简称ERCC）的计划以促进此领域的研究[13][14]。
参考文献
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- ^ NIH, USA. ERCC2 Projects. [26 September 2019]. （原始内容存档于2021-05-22）.
- ^ Tucker, Ayanna. Research on Cellular 'Packages' Receives $900k in Federal Funding. Newsroom. Johns Hopkins Medicine. 19 August 2019 [26 September 2019]. （原始内容存档于2021-05-22）.
