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国技

维基百科，自由的百科全书
国家象征
事物
人物或拟人形象
非人生物

国技（National sport, national pastime, national game），又称国民运动，或国球，是指一个国家特有或具有代表性的竞技运动。然而国技的定义并不严密，既有公认概念上的国技（如美国的棒球），也有通过法律具体规定的（如加拿大就法定袋棍球和冰球为国技），也因此使得国技并不一定是该国最具人气或强项的运动。除了加拿大之外，世界上通过法律确定国技的还有巴哈马的帆船、孟加拉的卡巴迪、巴西的卡波耶拉、斯里兰卡的排球等。

定义

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国技的定义并不十分严格，有在法律上具体规定的竞技运动，享有官方认可的地位；[注 1] 也有在国家文化中有特殊意义，深受国民爱戴的竞技运动。[注 2] 由国家文化发展而成的竞技运动是成为国技的其中一项条件，但并不全然如此，某些源自外国的竞技运动也有可能因为深受国民的爱戴，或者具有特殊的意义，成为公认的国技。一般只要符合以下两项要点，都会被认定为是国技：

国家法令指定的竞技运动，给予特殊的地位和待遇[注 1]
例如：加拿大的长曲棍球（夏季）和冰上曲棍球（冬季）
国家或民族文化中特有的竞技运动，或者是有某种特殊意义的竞技运动[注 2]
例如：日本的相扑、韩国的跆拳道、西班牙的斗牛

除了上述两项，某些广泛普及的竞技运动，虽然不是公认的国技，但已经深植入于国家的体育文化当中，成为深受全民欢迎的休闲活动，所以经常是被极力推广的国家体育项目，例如：世界各地的足球、英联邦国家的板球、美国的篮球和橄榄球、日本的棒球、马来西亚和印尼的羽毛球等。

国技列表

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法定的国技

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国家 体育运动 始于
 阿根廷 帕托（英语：Pato） 1953年[1]
 巴哈马 史路普帆船 1993年[2]
 孟加拉国 卡巴迪 1972年[3]
 巴西 卡波耶拉 1972年[4]
 加拿大 长曲棍球（夏季运动）、冰上曲棍球（冬季运动） 1994年[5]
 智利 智利牛仔骑术（英语：Chilean rodeo） 1962年[6]
 哥伦比亚 特茹（英语：Tejo (sport)） 2000年[7]
 伊朗 伊朗传统摔角 1976年[8]
 韩国 跆拳道 2018年[9]
 墨西哥 墨西哥牛仔竞技（英语：Charrería） 1933年[10]
 菲律宾 卡里艾斯奎玛武术（英语：Eskrima） 2009年[11]
 波多黎各 巴苏马术（英语：Paso Fino） 1966年[12]
 斯里兰卡 排球 1991年[13]
 乌拉圭 高乔传统竞技 2006年[14]

公认的国技

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国家 体育运动
 阿富汗 布玆卡兹[15]
 安圭拉 竞速帆艇（英语：Yacht racing）[16]
 安提瓜和巴布达 板球[17]
 巴巴多斯 板球[18]
 百慕大 板球[19]
 不丹 不丹传统箭术（英语：Archery in Bhutan）[20]
 中华人民共和国 乒乓球
 古巴 棒球[21][22][23]
 多米尼加 棒球[24]
 英格兰 足球/板球[25][26]
 芬兰 芬兰棒球[27]
 格林纳达 板球[28]
 圭亚那 板球[29]
 印度 曲棍球[30][31][32]
 以色列 足球[33]
 爱尔兰 盖尔式足球[34][35][36]
 牙买加 板球[37]
 日本 相扑/棒球[38]
 拉脱维亚 篮球（夏季运动）、冰上曲棍球（冬季运动）[39]
 立陶宛 篮球[40][41]
 马达加斯加 橄榄球[42][43]
 新西兰 橄榄球[44]
 挪威 越野滑雪[45][46]
 巴基斯坦 曲棍球[47]
 巴布亚新几内亚 联盟式橄榄球[48][49]
 秘鲁 Paleta Frontón[50]
 罗马尼亚 Oină[51]
 俄罗斯 班迪球[52]
 苏格兰 高尔夫球[53]
 斯洛文尼亚 高山滑雪[54][54]
 中华民国 棒球[55]
 土耳其 摔角[56] & Cirit[57]
 特克斯和凯科斯群岛 板球[58]
 美国 美式橄榄球/棒球[59][60]
 威尔士 橄榄球[61]

另见

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注解

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  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 参见“法定的国技”。
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 参见“公认的国技”。

参考文献

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检索自“https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=國技&oldid=85084657”