File:Marilyn Monroe, Photoplay 1953.jpg

預覽大小：417 × 599 像素。其他解析度：167 × 240 像素 | 334 × 480 像素 | 534 × 768 像素 | 712 × 1,024 像素 | 1,425 × 2,048 像素 | 3,198 × 4,596 像素。

原始檔案（3,198 × 4,596 像素，檔案大小：903 KB，MIME 類型：image/jpeg）

本檔案並非來自中文維基百科，而是來自維基共享資源。請參閱維基共享資源上的詳細描述、討論頁、頁面歷史、日誌。

維基共享資源是一個儲存自由版權作品的項目。您可以向此項目作出貢獻。

摘要

描述

English: Marilyn Monroe in 1953 as she appears on December 1953 issue of Photoplay magazine.

日期

1953年

來源

Full page cover

eBay

作者

Studio publicity still

授權許可
(重用此檔案)

A renewal search was done in publications for the years 1967 and 1968. There were no listings for Photoplay; there's no evidence of continuing copyright.

其他版本

This file has an extracted image: Marilyn Monroe, Photoplay 1953 (cropped).jpg.

授權條款

本作品在美國屬於公有領域，是因為該作品是在1929與1963年之間出版，沒有在該作品增加著作權聲明，且沒有進行著作權更新。除非此作品之作者已經過世一段時間，並達到公有領域所要求的條件，這類美國作品在其他不適用較短期限法則的國家或地區屬於有著作權狀態，如加拿大（作者過世後70年）、中國大陸（作者過世後50年，港澳除外）、德國（作者過世後70年）、墨西哥（作者過世後100年）、瑞士（作者過世後70年）與其他已簽署個別協議的國家。更多資訊請參考Commons:Hirtle chart。

العربية ∙ Deutsch ∙ English ∙ español ∙ français ∙ galego ∙ italiano ∙ 日本語 ∙ 한국어 ∙ македонски ∙ português ∙ português do Brasil ∙ русский ∙ sicilianu ∙ slovenščina ∙ українська ∙ 简体中文 ∙ 繁體中文 ∙ +/−

Flag of the United States

Copyright details

Additional source information:

English: This is a publicity still taken and publicly distributed to promote a film actor.

As stated by film production expert Eve Light Honathaner in The Complete Film Production Handbook (Focal Press, 2001, p. 211.):
"Publicity photos (star headshots) have traditionally not been copyrighted. Since they are disseminated to the public, they are generally considered public domain, and therefore clearance by the studio that produced them is not necessary."
Nancy Wolff, in The Professional Photographer's Legal Handbook (Allworth Communications, 2007, p. 55.), notes:
"There is a vast body of photographs, including but not limited to publicity stills, that have no notice as to who may have created them."
Film industry author Gerald Mast, in Film Study and the Copyright Law (1989, p. 87), writes:
"According to the old copyright act, such production stills were not automatically copyrighted as part of the film and required separate copyrights as photographic stills. The new copyright act similarly excludes the production still from automatic copyright but gives the film's copyright owner a five-year period in which to copyright the stills. Most studios have never bothered to copyright these stills because they were happy to see them pass into the public domain, to be used by as many people in as many publications as possible."
Kristin Thompson, committee chairperson of the Society for Cinema and Media Studies writes in the conclusion of a 1993 conference of cinema scholars and editors[1], that:
"[The conference] expressed the opinion that it is not necessary for authors to request permission to reproduce frame enlargements... [and] some trade presses that publish educational and scholarly film books also take the position that permission is not necessary for reproducing frame enlargements and publicity photographs."

檔案歷史

點選日期/時間以檢視該時間的檔案版本。

	日期/時間	尺寸	用戶	備⁠註
目前	2020年5月15日 (五) 13:43	3,198 × 4,596（903 KB）	Lemonreader	Better quality and resolution
	2019年10月5日 (六) 01:31	1,464 × 1,860（363 KB）	Lemonreader	Minor changes
	2019年10月5日 (六) 01:27	961 × 1,277（547 KB）	Lemonreader	User created page with UploadWizard