威玛文化
外观
(重定向自魏玛文化)
威玛文化(Weimar culture)是魏玛共和期(1918年第一次世界大战终结至1933年希特勒政权成立)在德国产生的诸文化[1]。
概要
[编辑]当时的德国是文学、哲学及艺术的先进国[2][3],特别是1920年代的柏林是威玛文化的中心[1]。威玛文化相较于传统的德国文化,拥有强烈的现代主义、世界主义的性格。
德国的知识环境可见重要的新展开,1918年,国内的大学首度对犹太人学者敞开门户,例如爱因斯坦、卡尔·曼海姆等。犹太人在诸分野扮演重要的角色。
但是,这些文化被纳粹党视为“颓废的”。1933年,伴随着希特勒政权成立,这些颓废文化的领导者只能选择迎合,否则遭受迫害或被迫流亡海外,例如美国、英国等。
关连项目
[编辑]脚注
[编辑]- ^ 1.0 1.1 Finney (2008)
- ^ Letter (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) from Guy Debord To the Spur group, 28 April 1962
- ^ Daniele Luttazzi (2009) La guerra civile fredda, p.122
参考文献
[编辑]- Becker, Sabina. Neue Sachlichkeit. Köln: Böhlau, 2000. Print.
- Gail Finney (2008) WEIMAR CULTURE: Defeat, the Roaring Twenties, the Rise of Nazism (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), Courses overview of program The Roaring Twenties in Germany (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- Gay, Peter. Weimar Culture: The Outsider as Insider. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1981.
- Hermand, Jost and Frank Trommler. Die Kultur der Weimarer Republik. Frankfurt am Main: Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag, 1989.
- Jelavich, Peter. Berlin Alexanderplatz: Radio, Film, and the Death of Weimar Culture. Berkeley: University of California Press. 2009. ISBN 978-0-520-25997-3.
- Kaes, Anton, Martin Jay, and Edward Dimendberg. The Weimar Republic Sourcebook. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995.
- Lethen, Helmut. Cool Conduct: The Culture of Distance in Weimar Germany. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002.
- Lindner, Martin. Leben in der Krise. Zeitromane der neuen Sachlichkeit und die intellektuelle Mentalität der klassischen Moderne. Stuttgart: Metzler, 1994.
- Martin Mauthner: German Writers in French Exile, 1933–1940, London: 2007; ISBN 9780853035404.
- Peukert, Detlev. The Weimar Republic: the Crisis of Classical Modernity. New York: Hill and Wang, 1992.
- Schrader, Barbel. "The 'Golden' Twenties: Art and Literature in the Weimar Republic". Yale University Press, 1988, p. 25-27.
- Schütz, Erhard H. Romane Der Weimarer Republik. München: W. Fink, 1986. Print.
- Peter Selz (2004) Beyond the Mainstream: Fifty years of Curating Modern and Contemporary Art. lectures delivered at Duke University, September 10, 2004.
- Weitz, Eric D. Weimar Germany: Promise and Tragedy. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press, 2007. Print.
- Willett, John. Art and Politics in the Weimar Period: The New Sobriety, 1917–1933. 1st ed. New York: Pantheon Books, 1978. Print.