铋的同位素
外观
(重定向自铋的同位素)
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标准原子质量 (Ar, 标准) |
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铋(原子量:208.98040(1))的同位素,没有一个是稳定的,但是有一个天然放射性同位素209
Bi
,其半衰期长达2.01×1019年,基本可当作是稳定同位素。铋其它最稳定的同位素有210mBi(半衰期304万年)、208Bi(半衰期36.8万年)、207Bi(半衰期31.22年),但它们都是人造同位素。铋最稳定的天然放射性同位素是210Bi,半衰期5.012天。
图表
[编辑]符号 | 历史 名称 |
Z | N | 同位素质量(u) [n 1][n 2] |
半衰期 [n 1][n 2][n 3] |
衰变 方式[2] |
衰变 产物 [n 4] |
原子核 自旋[n 1] |
相对丰度 (莫耳分率) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
激发能量[n 1][n 2] | |||||||||
184Bi | 83 | 101 | 184.00112(14)# | 6.6(15) ms | 3+# | ||||
184mBi | 150(100)# keV | 13(2) ms | 10−# | ||||||
185Bi | 83 | 102 | 184.99763(6)# | 2# ms | p | 184Pb | 9/2−# | ||
α (不常见) | 181Tl | ||||||||
185mBi | 70(50)# keV | 49(7) µs | α | 181Tl | 1/2+ | ||||
p | 184Pb | ||||||||
186Bi | 83 | 103 | 185.99660(8) | 14.8(7) ms | α | 182Tl | (3+) | ||
β+ (不常见) | 186Pb | ||||||||
186mBi | 270(140)# keV | 9.8(4) ms | α | 182Tl | (10−) | ||||
β+ | 186Pb | ||||||||
187Bi | 83 | 104 | 186.993158(16) | 32(3) ms | α (50%) | 183Tl | 9/2−# | ||
β+ (50%) | 187Pb | ||||||||
187m1Bi | 101(20) keV | 320(70) µs | 1/2+# | ||||||
187m2Bi | 252(1) keV | 7(5) µs | (13/2+) | ||||||
188Bi | 83 | 105 | 187.99227(5) | 44(3) ms | α | 184Tl | 3+# | ||
β+ (不常见) | 188Pb | ||||||||
188mBi | 210(140)# keV | 220(40) ms | α | 184Tl | (10−) | ||||
β+ (不常见) | 188Pb | ||||||||
189Bi | 83 | 106 | 188.98920(6) | 674(11) ms | α (51%) | 185Tl | (9/2−) | ||
β+ (49%) | 189Pb | ||||||||
189m1Bi | 181(6) keV | 5.0(1) ms | (1/2+) | ||||||
189m2Bi | 357(1) keV | 880(50) ns | (13/2+) | ||||||
190Bi | 83 | 107 | 189.9883(2) | 6.3(1) s | α (77%) | 186Tl | (3+) | ||
β+ (30%) | 190Pb | ||||||||
190m1Bi | 420(180) keV | 6.2(1) s | α (70%) | 186Tl | (10−) | ||||
β+ (23%) | 190Pb | ||||||||
190m2Bi | 690(180) keV | >500(100) ns | 7+# | ||||||
191Bi | 83 | 108 | 190.985786(8) | 12.3(3) s | α (60%) | 187Tl | (9/2−) | ||
β+ (40%) | 191Pb | ||||||||
191mBi | 240(4) keV | 124(5) ms | α (75%) | 187Tl | (1/2+) | ||||
β+ (25%) | 191Pb | ||||||||
192Bi | 83 | 109 | 191.98546(4) | 34.6(9) s | β+ (82%) | 192Pb | (3+) | ||
α (18%) | 188Tl | ||||||||
192mBi | 150(30) keV | 39.6(4) s | β+ (90.8%) | 192Pb | (10−) | ||||
α (9.2%) | 188Tl | ||||||||
193Bi | 83 | 110 | 192.98296(1) | 67(3) s | β+ (95%) | 193Pb | (9/2−) | ||
α (5%) | 189Tl | ||||||||
193mBi | 308(7) keV | 3.2(6) s | α (90%) | 189Tl | (1/2+) | ||||
β+ (10%) | 193Pb | ||||||||
194Bi | 83 | 111 | 193.98283(5) | 95(3) s | β+ (99.54%) | 194Pb | (3+) | ||
α (.46%) | 190Tl | ||||||||
194m1Bi | 110(70) keV | 125(2) s | β+ | 194Pb | (6+,7+) | ||||
α (不常见) | 190Tl | ||||||||
194m2Bi | 230(90)# keV | 115(4) s | (10−) | ||||||
195Bi | 83 | 112 | 194.980651(6) | 183(4) s | β+ (99.97%) | 195Pb | (9/2−) | ||
α (.03%) | 191Tl | ||||||||
195m1Bi | 399(6) keV | 87(1) s | β+ (67%) | 195Pb | (1/2+) | ||||
α (33%) | 191Tl | ||||||||
195m2Bi | 2311.4+X keV | 750(50) ns | (29/2−) | ||||||
196Bi | 83 | 113 | 195.980667(26) | 5.1(2) min | β+ (99.99%) | 196Pb | (3+) | ||
α (.00115%) | 192Tl | ||||||||
196m1Bi | 166.6(30) keV | 0.6(5) s | IT | 196Bi | (7+) | ||||
β+ | 196Pb | ||||||||
196m2Bi | 270(3) keV | 4.00(5) min | (10−) | ||||||
197Bi | 83 | 114 | 196.978864(9) | 9.33(50) min | β+ (99.99%) | 197Pb | (9/2−) | ||
α (10−4%) | 193Tl | ||||||||
197m1Bi | 690(110) keV | 5.04(16) min | α (55%) | 193Tl | (1/2+) | ||||
β+ (45%) | 197Pb | ||||||||
IT (.3%) | 197Bi | ||||||||
197m2Bi | 2129.3(4) keV | 204(18) ns | (23/2−) | ||||||
197m3Bi | 2360.4(5)+X keV | 263(13) ns | (29/2−) | ||||||
197m4Bi | 2383.1(7)+X keV | 253(39) ns | (29/2−) | ||||||
197m5Bi | 2929.5(5) keV | 209(30) ns | (31/2−) | ||||||
198Bi | 83 | 115 | 197.97921(3) | 10.3(3) min | β+ | 198Pb | (2+,3+) | ||
198m1Bi | 280(40) keV | 11.6(3) min | β+ | 198Pb | (7+) | ||||
198m2Bi | 530(40) keV | 7.7(5) s | 10− | ||||||
199Bi | 83 | 116 | 198.977672(13) | 27(1) min | β+ | 199Pb | 9/2− | ||
199m1Bi | 667(4) keV | 24.70(15) min | β+ (98%) | 199Pb | (1/2+) | ||||
IT (2%) | 199Bi | ||||||||
α (.01%) | 195Tl | ||||||||
199m2Bi | 1947(25) keV | 0.10(3) µs | (25/2+) | ||||||
199m3Bi | ~2547.0 keV | 168(13) ns | 29/2− | ||||||
200Bi | 83 | 117 | 199.978132(26) | 36.4(5) min | β+ | 200Pb | 7+ | ||
200m1Bi | 100(70)# keV | 31(2) min | ε (90%) | 200Pb | (2+) | ||||
IT (10%) | 200Bi | ||||||||
200m2Bi | 428.20(10) keV | 400(50) ms | (10−) | ||||||
201Bi | 83 | 118 | 200.977009(16) | 108(3) min | β+ (99.99%) | 201Pb | 9/2− | ||
α (10−4%) | 197Tl | ||||||||
201m1Bi | 846.34(21) keV | 59.1(6) min | ε (92.9%) | 201Pb | 1/2+ | ||||
IT (6.8%) | 201Bi | ||||||||
α (.3%) | 197Tl | ||||||||
201m2Bi | 1932.2+X keV | 118(28) ns | (25/2+) | ||||||
201m3Bi | 1971.2+X keV | 105(75) ns | (27/2+) | ||||||
201m4Bi | 2739.90(20)+X keV | 124(4) ns | (29/2−) | ||||||
202Bi | 83 | 119 | 201.977742(22) | 1.72(5) h | β+ | 202Pb | 5(+#) | ||
α (10−5%) | 198Tl | ||||||||
202m1Bi | 615(7) keV | 3.04(6) µs | (10#)− | ||||||
202m2Bi | 2607.1(5) keV | 310(50) ns | (17+) | ||||||
203Bi | 83 | 120 | 202.976876(23) | 11.76(5) h | β+ | 203Pb | 9/2− | ||
α (10−5%) | 199Tl | ||||||||
203m1Bi | 1098.14(7) keV | 303(5) ms | IT | 203Bi | 1/2+ | ||||
203m2Bi | 2041.5(6) keV | 194(30) ns | 25/2+ | ||||||
204Bi | 83 | 121 | 203.977813(28) | 11.22(10) h | β+ | 204Pb | 6+ | ||
204m1Bi | 805.5(3) keV | 13.0(1) ms | IT | 204Bi | 10− | ||||
204m2Bi | 2833.4(11) keV | 1.07(3) ms | (17+) | ||||||
205Bi | 83 | 122 | 204.977389(8) | 15.31(4) d | β+ | 205Pb | 9/2− | ||
206Bi | 83 | 123 | 205.978499(8) | 6.243(3) d | β+ | 206Pb | 6(+) | ||
206m1Bi | 59.897(17) keV | 7.7(2) µs | (4+) | ||||||
206m2Bi | 1044.8(5) keV | 890(10) µs | (10−) | ||||||
207Bi | 83 | 124 | 206.9784707(26) | 32.9(14) y | β+ | 207Pb | 9/2− | ||
207mBi | 2101.49(16) keV | 182(6) µs | 21/2+ | ||||||
208Bi | 83 | 125 | 207.9797422(25) | 3.68(4)×105 y | β+ | 208Pb | (5)+ | ||
208mBi | 1571.1(4) keV | 2.58(4) ms | IT | 208Bi | (10)− | ||||
209Bi[n 5][n 6] | 83 | 126 | 208.9803987(16) | 1.9(2)×1019 y[n 7] | α | 205Tl | 9/2− | 1.0000 | |
210Bi | Radium E | 83 | 127 | 209.9841204(16) | 5.012(5) d | β− | 210Po | 1− | 痕量[n 8] |
α (1.32×10−4%) | 206Tl | ||||||||
210mBi | 271.31(11) keV | 3.04(6)×106 y | α | 206Tl | 9− | ||||
211Bi | Actinium C | 83 | 128 | 210.987269(6) | 2.14(2) min | α (99.72%) | 207Tl | 9/2− | 痕量[n 9] |
β− (.276%) | 211Po | ||||||||
211mBi | 1257(10) keV | 1.4(3) µs | (25/2−) | ||||||
212Bi | Thorium C | 83 | 129 | 211.9912857(21) | 60.55(6) min | β− (64.05%) | 212Po | 1(−) | 痕量[n 10] |
α (35.94%) | 208Tl | ||||||||
β−, α (.014%) | 208Pb | ||||||||
212m1Bi | 250(30) keV | 25.0(2) min | α (67%) | 208Tl | (9−) | ||||
β− (33%) | 212mPo | ||||||||
β−, α (.3%) | 208Pb | ||||||||
212m2Bi | 2200(200)# keV | 7.0(3) min | >15 | ||||||
213Bi[n 11] | 83 | 130 | 212.994385(5) | 45.59(6) min | β− (97.91%) | 213Po | 9/2− | ||
α (2.09%) | 209Tl | ||||||||
214Bi | Radium C | 83 | 131 | 213.998712(12) | 19.9(4) min | β− (99.97%) | 214Po | 1− | 痕量[n 8] |
α (.021%) | 210Tl | ||||||||
β−, α (.003%) | 210Pb | ||||||||
215Bi | 83 | 132 | 215.001770(16) | 7.6(2) min | β− | 215Po | (9/2−) | 痕量[n 9] | |
215mBi | 1347.5(25) keV | 36.4(25) min | (25/2−) | ||||||
216Bi | 83 | 133 | 216.006306(12) | 2.17(5) min | β− | 216Po | 1−# | ||
217Bi | 83 | 134 | 217.009372(19) | 98.5(8) s | β− | 217Po | 9/2−# | ||
217mBi | 1480(40) keV | 2.70(6) μs | IT | 217Bi | 25/2−# | ||||
218Bi | 83 | 135 | 218.014188(29) | 33(1) s | β− | 218Po | (6-, 7-, 8-) | ||
219Bi | 83 | 136 | 219.017480(210)# | 8.7(29) s | β− | 219Po | 9/2-# | ||
220Bi | 83 | 137 | 220.022350(320)# | 9.5(57) s | β− | 220Po | 1-# |
← | 同位素列表 | → |
铅的同位素 | 铋的同位素 | 钋的同位素 |
参考文献
[编辑]- ^ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2022-05-04. ISSN 1365-3075. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603 (英语).
- ^ Universal Nuclide Chart. nucleonica. [2015-10-08]. (原始内容存档于2017-02-19).
- Isotope masses from Ame2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation by G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon in Nuclear Physics A729 (2003).
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from these sources. Editing notes on this article's talk page.
- Audi, Bersillon, Blachot, Wapstra. The Nubase2003 evaluation of nuclear and decay properties (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), Nuc. Phys. A 729, pp. 3-128 (2003).
- National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Information extracted from the NuDat 2.1 database (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (retrieved Sept. 2005).
- David R. Lide (ed.), Norman E. Holden in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005). Section 11, Table of the Isotopes.