实地调研

实地调研（field research），又称实地研究（field study），为对于描述原始资料搜集的概括术语，其所应用的领域包括民俗学、考古学、生物学、生态学、环境科学、地理学、地质学、地形学、地球物理学、古生物学、人类学、语言学、哲学、建筑学以及社会学等自然或社会科学领域。与其他在实验室准控制状态下环境的研究相比，实地调查主要于野外实地进行。^[1]

根据研究对象的生亡与否，以及它们的存在地点位于居住栖息地或埋于土下，实地调查的实质内容也会有所差别。化石与考古遗址的发掘均包含实地工作，其他如访问或观察人们以学习他们的语言、民俗、和他们的社会结构等过程也都包含在内。某些状况，尤其是研究的主题为人类本身的时候，工作的拟定必须再经过设计，以避免观察者效应或是过度理论化、过于理想化该实质文化活动的风险。

野外调查的项目

采访记录
拍摄记录
翻制记录
整理消化

注释

^ Burgess, Robert G., In the Field: An Introduction to Field Research (Hemel Hempstead, U.K.: George Allen & Unwin, 1984) at 1.

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[1] Burgess, Robert G., In the Field: An Introduction to Field Research (Hemel Hempstead, U.K.: George Allen & Unwin, 1984) at 1.

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