排跨激女

排跨激女，也作排跨基女^{[注 1]}，英文称为TERF（/ˈtɜːrf/），英文首字母缩略字，全称trans-exclusionary radical feminist，即“排斥跨性别的激进女性主义者”^[2]。TERF最早出现于2008年，最初是指排斥跨性别者的一类女性主义者。这类人认为跨性别女性并非女性，他们并不能真正地改变生理性别、也无法真正体验到生理女性的一些生理状况（诸如月经、妊娠等）^[3]。TERF也强调跨性别者不能、也不应该参与女性权利的运动而将其排斥在妇女之外，并且反对立法保护跨性别者的权利。后来TERF含义扩大到所有反对和排斥跨性别者的人^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]。不过有些被称为“TERF”的人通常拒绝接受这个称呼并认为随意称呼别人TERF是在侮辱人^[8]。

英国一项民调显示，虽然排跨激女认为自己代表沉默的多数，但事实上过半数的女性对跨性别女性采取宽容接纳的态度，排跨激女仅能代表少数女性的意见。^[9]

注

^ 英文“radical”一词可译作激进、基进（基为“根本”之意），皆指某种基本价值的改变与既有状态的根本差异。而后者常见于繁体汉字使用区。早期学界常以“激进”形容社会运动采取之手段，但自1990年代后，便逐渐以“基进”代替，强调社会运动所诉求之目标，以及凸显其对女人与性别体制之主张。^[1]

参考文献

^ 周碧娥. 性別社會學--性別作為範疇、理論與實作. 三民书局. 2022: 155. ISBN 978-957-14-7446-5.
^ Smythe, Viv. I'm credited with having coined the word 'Terf'. Here's how it happened. 卫报. 2018-11-28 [2022-10-28]. （原始内容存档于2020-01-25）. Due to a short series of blogposts from 2008, I have retrospectively been credited as the coiner of the acronym "Terf" (Trans Exclusionary Radical Feminists) ... a shorthand to describe one cohort of feminists who self-identify as radical and are unwilling to recognise trans women as sisters, unlike those of us who do.
^ 鏡頭背後／仇恨跨性別的「TERF」？J.K.羅琳為何遭到網路全球圍剿. 转角国际. 2019-12-20 [2022-10-28]. （原始内容存档于2020-08-09）（中文（台湾））.
^ Lewis, Sophie. Opinion | How British Feminism Became Anti-Trans. The New York Times. 2019-02-07 [2019-05-05]. ISSN 0362-4331. （原始内容存档于2019-11-15）（美国英语）. If the idea that transphobic harassment could be "feminist" bewilders you, you are not alone. ... With time, the term TERF has become a catchall for all anti-trans feminists, radical or not.
^ Miller, Edie. Why Is British Media So Transphobic?. The Outline. 2018-11-05 [2019-05-03]. （原始内容存档于2019-10-19）（英语）. The truth is, while the British conservative right would almost certainly be more than happy to whip up a frenzy of transphobia, they simply haven't needed to, because some sections of the left over here are doing their hate-peddling for them. The most vocal source of this hatred has emerged, sadly, from within circles of radical feminists. British feminism has an increasingly notorious TERF problem. ... The application of the term has shifted somewhat over time to encompass most people espousing trans-exclusionary politics that follow a particular "TERF logic," regardless of their involvement with radical feminism.
^ Dastagir, Alia. A feminist glossary because we didn't all major in gender studies. USA Today. 2017-03-16 [2019-04-24]. （原始内容存档于2019-07-20）. TERF: The acronym for 'trans exclusionary radical feminists,' referring to feminists who are transphobic.
^ Bollinger, Alex. Famous lesbian site taken over by anti-trans 'feminists'. Now lesbian media is standing up.. www.lgbtqnation.com. 2018-12-19 [2019-06-05]. （原始内容存档于2019-06-05）.
^ Vasquez, Tina. It's Time to End the Long History of Feminism Failing Transgender Women. Bitch (Bitch Media). 2014-02-17 [2019-04-13]. （原始内容存档于2019-04-13）. [Cathy] Brennan, fellow attorney Elizabeth Hungerford, and other modern-day feminists continue to actively question the inclusion of trans people in women's spaces. These feminists refer to themselves as "radical feminists" or "gender critical feminists." In 2008, trans women and trans advocates started referring to this group as "trans-exclusionary radical feminists" or TERFs, a term Brennan considers a slur.
^ Ell Folan. TERFs Don’t Speak for Women – But Don’t Take It From Me, Look at the Polls. Novara Media. 2021-06-08 [2024-06-27].

[2] 英文“radical”一词可译作激进、基进（基为“根本”之意），皆指某种基本价值的改变与既有状态的根本差异。而后者常见于繁体汉字使用区。早期学界常以“激进”形容社会运动采取之手段，但自1990年代后，便逐渐以“基进”代替，强调社会运动所诉求之目标，以及凸显其对女人与性别体制之主张。^[1]

[1] 周碧娥. 性別社會學--性別作為範疇、理論與實作. 三民书局. 2022: 155. ISBN 978-957-14-7446-5.

[Smythe_2018-3] Smythe, Viv. I'm credited with having coined the word 'Terf'. Here's how it happened. 卫报. 2018-11-28 [2022-10-28]. （原始内容存档于2020-01-25）. Due to a short series of blogposts from 2008, I have retrospectively been credited as the coiner of the acronym "Terf" (Trans Exclusionary Radical Feminists) ... a shorthand to describe one cohort of feminists who self-identify as radical and are unwilling to recognise trans women as sisters, unlike those of us who do.

[4] 鏡頭背後／仇恨跨性別的「TERF」？J.K.羅琳為何遭到網路全球圍剿. 转角国际. 2019-12-20 [2022-10-28]. （原始内容存档于2020-08-09）（中文（台湾））.

[Lewis_2019-5] Lewis, Sophie. Opinion | How British Feminism Became Anti-Trans. The New York Times. 2019-02-07 [2019-05-05]. ISSN 0362-4331. （原始内容存档于2019-11-15）（美国英语）. If the idea that transphobic harassment could be "feminist" bewilders you, you are not alone. ... With time, the term TERF has become a catchall for all anti-trans feminists, radical or not.

[Miller_2018-6] Miller, Edie. Why Is British Media So Transphobic?. The Outline. 2018-11-05 [2019-05-03]. （原始内容存档于2019-10-19）（英语）. The truth is, while the British conservative right would almost certainly be more than happy to whip up a frenzy of transphobia, they simply haven't needed to, because some sections of the left over here are doing their hate-peddling for them. The most vocal source of this hatred has emerged, sadly, from within circles of radical feminists. British feminism has an increasingly notorious TERF problem. ... The application of the term has shifted somewhat over time to encompass most people espousing trans-exclusionary politics that follow a particular "TERF logic," regardless of their involvement with radical feminism.

[Dastagir_2017-7] Dastagir, Alia. A feminist glossary because we didn't all major in gender studies. USA Today. 2017-03-16 [2019-04-24]. （原始内容存档于2019-07-20）. TERF: The acronym for 'trans exclusionary radical feminists,' referring to feminists who are transphobic.

[8] Bollinger, Alex. Famous lesbian site taken over by anti-trans 'feminists'. Now lesbian media is standing up.. www.lgbtqnation.com. 2018-12-19 [2019-06-05]. （原始内容存档于2019-06-05）.

[Vasquez_2014-9] Vasquez, Tina. It's Time to End the Long History of Feminism Failing Transgender Women. Bitch (Bitch Media). 2014-02-17 [2019-04-13]. （原始内容存档于2019-04-13）. [Cathy] Brennan, fellow attorney Elizabeth Hungerford, and other modern-day feminists continue to actively question the inclusion of trans people in women's spaces. These feminists refer to themselves as "radical feminists" or "gender critical feminists." In 2008, trans women and trans advocates started referring to this group as "trans-exclusionary radical feminists" or TERFs, a term Brennan considers a slur.

[10] Ell Folan. TERFs Don’t Speak for Women – But Don’t Take It From Me, Look at the Polls. Novara Media. 2021-06-08 [2024-06-27].

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